CHAPTER XIV.— SCALE INSECTS. 



European Fhiit Sialk {Axiiiiliotiix oxtrcirfdniiix) . 



(Fig, 62.) 



(«j Scales on twig: (7)i natural size; (p) immaturp stagp : id) fcmalo ; (cl male; (/) 



and (r/i inside of scales. — liitU. 3Ji, U. S. Deparimeitt of A(/i'icultitrc. 



This insect was reported from Xauaiiuo as tlie San .Tose Scale, wbicli it 

 resembles very closely. The writer, on instructions from the Hon. the Minister 

 of Agriculture, investigated the matter in company with the Rev. G. W. 

 Taylor, and pronounced it to be the European ^rnit Scale. This oi)inion was 

 afterwards confirmed by Dr. Fletcher. Drastic measures were adopted, viz., 

 the destruction of the affected trees by fire, since which it does not appear to 

 have spread. The following is taken from Prof. E. P. Felt's Bulletin No. -IG : 



" Descriptlnn. — The general appearance of this species is similar to that of 

 the pernicious or San Jose scale. The sides of the scale are darU gray, while 

 the centre, which is nearly white, ma.v be gra.vi.sh or brown. The young appear 

 to have quite a habit of arranging themselves at nearly ecpial distances from 

 one auother. The white or brown portion of the adult scale may break away 

 and expose the yellowish cast skin or exuvia\ Some of the young are always 

 found among a mass of old scales, and when they are white, the gray of the 

 old scali's is lightened considerably. Sometimes masses of this scale insect are 

 a dark gray, and then the young are usually grayish or brownish. The individ- 

 ual adult female scale may attain a diameter of nearly one-eighth of an inch. 

 It has a yellowish or orange nipple a little to one side of the centre, and the 

 gra.v part of the scale is uormall.y marked with black siiecks, and, when on a 

 rough tree, the edge of the scale is usually continuous with the outer layer of 

 the bark. 



