185 



a ueaiiy circular, yellow, sack-like Ijotly, with long, slender, bristle-like motith 

 parts. An examination of the male shows him to be more elongate, and to 

 jiossess tile rudiments of legs, wings, eyes, antenu;e, etc. 



Adult male, greatly enlarged, 



(£. 0. Howard ami C. L. Marlatt, Bulletin Xo. S. New Series, Dirision of 



Entumologii, V. tS. Department of Agriculture.) 



The females live and die beneath their scales, never leaving tlieni : but in 

 April the males molt for the last time, and soon thereafter emerge from under 

 their scales as mintite, active creatures, with fully-developed wings. After 

 mating the males die. 



In Ma.v. possibly earlier, under favourable conditions, the females begin 

 to give birth to living young, and may continue to produce for six weeks or 

 longer. The young are minute, light orange-yellow, active creatures, with eyes, 

 bristle-like mouth parts, two antenna;, or feelers, and six legs. After emerging 

 from under the protecting scale of the parent, each wanders over the surface 

 of bark, fruit or leaf until a suitable situation is found, when the legs aud 

 antennre are folded beneath the body, the bristle-like beak is slowly worked 

 through the outer bark into the living tissues beneath, from which it draws 

 its sustenance. At any time during the summer months hundreds of these 

 little pests may be seen, even with the unaided eye. as they crawl .about over 

 the bark or fruit of infested trees. 



Even before the young insect has attached itself to the bark, the secretion 

 of the scale has begun. At first it consists only of a fluffy, white mass of fine, 

 waxy threads, which for the first day or so of its existence causes the young 

 San Jose Scale to appear as a minute, downy white speck upon the bark. As 

 these filaments become more abundant they become fused into a more and 

 more compact scale, and assume a yellowish colour. Later the young scale- 

 insect molts several tmes during its growth and the full.v-developed scale 

 is thus made up of fused wax filaments and the several molted skins. 



