1S7 



The st'UiTal di^;triluituni uf the srale through Cuimila anil the States 

 has been brought about by planting unfumigated uursei-y stock. Prof. I,. O. 

 Howard, of tlie T'nited States Department of Agriculture, tells us that, in 

 spite of tlie wide <lisseiniiiation of scaly fruit in this country, and to some 

 extent abroa<l, there is not a single authenticated instance of the scale having 

 Iwen established from such material. — From iKiiicr hji Willidin Hoiihitix. read 

 hrfi/ir (Jiitiiiiii I'riiit-Cnnrci's Associdtioii. \(irr)iihci\ I'.Xtl. 

 How TO COXTROL THK San .Tose Scai.e. 

 The Sun Jusc Sriili ii I'cnituiK'iit Fdctiir in I'liiil-aroiriiiii. 



The San Jose Scale is so widely disseminated and lias become so firmly 

 established in the i)rincipal deciduous fruit regions of this country that its 

 extermination is now in most cases out of the question. In the main, there- 

 fore, the San .Tose Scale niust be I'ecognised as a ])ermanent factor, to be 

 regularly dealt with as are other insect evils or the fungous diseases of plants. 



Extermination is possible only wliere the scale is detected at the ver.v 

 outset cm new or recently planted nnrsery stock, or, at least, before any 

 considerable chance of spread has been afforded. It is true that l)y the 

 greatest (are in the introduction of nursery stock the San Jose Scale may 

 be kept mil of districts now free from it for years. ]ierhaps. and one is 

 warranted, therefore, in adopting every iirecaiition to avoid introducing this 

 scale and even to attempt extermination wherever the ronditiiais are reason- 

 ably favourable. There is only one certain method of exterminating the 

 scale, and that is in digging up and burning all infested trees. This is nn 

 lieroic remedy and is advised only under the conditions of very recent intro- 

 duction of nursery stock — in other words, where the scale is discovered 

 within a few months after the purchase of the infested trees. If the scale 

 has passed an entire breeding season in an orchard, it will have spread 

 much more widely than any inspection will indicate and, very likely, will 

 have gained a foothold on wild and ornamental planis, other than fruit trees, 

 from which it will ve-introduce itself into neighlMHiring orc'iati.s -.n- into 

 lu w 'iii.liM-'s, howe^e: (ln.rough -nayha.e lee;: tii ■ .•illeinpts to crMiii-,,,' it. 

 'i",'M' ,S'»/( Jiixr >'cnh' <'ii-i .'■'' '■.;,/,', «//r.,'. 



While, therefore, one is undoubtedly .iustitied in asserting that the San 

 Jose Scale is to lie a pennaiieiicy. it by no means follows that the prolitalili' 

 growth of deciduous Iruits is .»;eriously menaced on this account. The 

 experience in California, covering many years, has abundantly demonstrated 

 that this scale insect can be coutroUod. and the more recent exiierience in 

 the Ea.st points indubitably to the s.-iine conclusion. In other words. Iiy 

 proper repressive and remedial treatment, the value of which has been 

 demonstrated by niiicli |irac1ical experience, an ordiai-d can be protected from 

 serious injury and kept in a good paying condilon. so far as intluenced by 

 the San Jose Scale. 



In view of the above, it is certainly very unwise and wasteful to dig up 

 and burn a large portion of an orchard because it is infested with this scale 

 in.sect. especially since the re-planted stock, even if clean when purchased, 

 would, with little doubt, be in the same condition of infestation in a very 

 short time. 



