34 THE PAUM DOCTOR. 



chills when the poison is already present; hence, extreme 

 variations in the temperature of night and day. 6. A close, 

 still atmosphere. 



General characters. — In the typical cases the blood is black, 

 tarry, and incoagulable, and in all it shows broken-up globules, 

 and microscopic rod-like bodies, and clear, refrangent spherules 

 (bacteria) such as appear in putrefying liquids. The spleen, 

 lymphatic glands, and liver are enlarged, the mucous mem- 

 branes of the stomach and intestines are usually reddened, 

 thickened, and softened, and any other part of the body may 

 be the seat of bloody or albuminous effusion with a tendency 

 to death, decomposition, the extrication of gases in the tissues, 

 and a crackling sound when handled. When it commences in 

 one point on the surface (malignant pustule) there is first an 

 unhealthy eruption of minute blisters which burst, dry up, and 

 become gangrenous, while new blisters appear around as the 

 unhealthy action spreads. 



Divisions. — The malignant anthrax may be manifested by 

 external disease or swelling, or without such appearances. To 

 the first class belong the carbuncular erysipelas of sheep and 

 swine, malignant sore-throat of hogs, gloss-anthrax or black- 

 tongue, black-quarter or bloody murrain, the boil plague of 

 Siberia, and the malignant pustule of man. To the second 

 belong all those forms of the disease in which there are the 

 specific changes in the blood, with engorgement of the spleen, 

 blood-staining and exudations into internal organs, only. 



Malignant Anthrax with External Lesions. 

 (A) In Horses. — (i) Siberian Boil Plague. — This is un- 

 questionably an anthrax disease, and though named from 

 Siberia is not unknown in other lands. A slight shivering and 

 fever are fol!o^\ed by a swelUng on the udder, sheath, breast, 

 throat, or elsewliere, which rapidly increases sometimes to the 

 size of an infant's head. At first soft, it hardens, assuming a 



