CHAPTER IV. 

 DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 



General causes of diseases of the breathing organs. Physical examination 

 of these organs : — Auscultation, percussion. Bleeding from the nose. Nasal 

 catarrh. Cold in the head. Collection of matter in the nasal sinuses. Ab- 

 scess of the false nostril. Abscess in the guttural pouches. Tumours in the 

 nose. Malignant catarrh of cattle. Sore-throat. Croup. Roup. Diph- 

 theria. Chronic roaring. Bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis, Glander heaves. 

 Acute congestion of the lungs. Pneumonia. Inflammation of the lungs. 

 Pleurisy. Inflammation of the membrane lining the chest. Pleuro-pneumonia, 

 Broncho-pneumonia. Broncho-pleuro-pneumonia. Hydro-thorax. Water in 

 the chest. Pneumo-thorax. Air or gas in the chest. Abscess of the inter- 

 costal spaces. Dropsy of the limg. Apoplexy of the lung. Pleuro-dynia. 

 Rheumatism of the walls of the chest. Asthma in dogs. Heaves. Broken- 

 wind. Bleeding from the lungs. Hasmoptysis. Parasites in the upper air- 

 passages. Grub in the head. Larva of CEstrus Ovis. Pentastoma Taenioides. 

 Parasites in the lower air-passages. Lung-worms of sheep, etc. Lung-worms 

 of horses and cattle. Gape-worm of fowls. Verminous bronchitis in calves, 

 sheep, swine, and birds, 



DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 



These are of the first importance in domestic animals alike as 

 regards their frequency and the mortality and other serious 

 consequences they entail. In young horses especially they are 

 far more common and more destructive than any other class of 

 diseases. Among the general causes of diseases of this class 

 of organs the following may be stated in brief: — i. The great 

 extent of the respiratory surface in the lungs = 200 to 500 

 square feet 2. The extreme tenuity and delicacy of the mem- 

 brane covering this surface, protective cells (epithelium) being 

 almost wanting in the air cells, contrary to what exists on every 



