88 THE FARM DOCTOR. 



rugs wrung out of hot water and cover thickly with dry ones, 

 the limbs being meanwhile actively hand-rubbed to bring the 

 blood to this part of the skin, which the rug cannot reach. 



If the patient survives and does not at once entirely recover, 

 the case becomes one oi pneumonia. 



PNEUMONIA. INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 



Causes. — The same as in other acute diseases of the chest. 

 Also the result of over-exertion and acute congestion, or of 

 parasites in the lung. 



Symptoms. — If not following an acute congestion as above 

 described there is shivering, more or less severe according to 

 tlie gravity of the attack, and usually a dry cough. This is 

 followed by hot skin, with increased temperature, quick but 

 deep laboured breathing, and a full but oppressed rolling pulse, 

 redness of the membranes of the eye, nose, and mouth ; the 

 cough is deep as if from the depth of the chest, but not so hard 

 nor so painful as in bronchitis. The horse always, and the ox, 

 in bad cases, obstinately stands with legs apart, elbows turned 

 out, nose extended, and usually approached to a door or 

 window. In cattle, expiration is generally accompanied by a 

 moan. With the fever there is costiveness, high-coloured, 

 scanty urine ; in cattle, heat of horns and ears, and dryness of 

 muzzle, and hidebound. Auscultation detects a very fine 

 crackling (crepitation) over the affected part of the lung, or 

 there may be an area of no sound, encircled by a line of crepi- 

 tation, and beyond that by the normal murmur slightly in- 

 creased. Or over the dull spot the blowing sounds from the 

 larger tubes or the beating of the heart may be detected. 

 Percussion causes flinching or even groaning when the affected 

 part is reached ; the space where sound was wanting in aus- 

 cultation sounds dull and solid, and the remainder of the chest 

 retains its healthy resonance. There is no tenderness on 

 merely pinching the spaces between the ribs. By auscultation 



