90 THE PARM DOCTOR. 



bowels by a tea-spoonful of castor-oil, and shake one-twelfth 

 grain of tartar emetic on the tongue twice a day. If very weak 

 or prostrate give a teaspoonful of sherry thrice a day. 



PLEURISY. INFLAMMATION OF THE MEMBRANE LINING THE 

 CHEST AND COVERING THE LUNGS. 



This is common in all domestic animals, and particularly in 

 cold, exposed localities, which suffer at the same time from 

 rheumatism. Otherwise it owns the general causes of chest 

 disease. 



Symptoms. — Shivering, followed by heat of the skin and even 

 of the limbs, and partial sweats of the surface, uneasy move- 

 ments, pawing and sometimes looking at the flanks, lying 

 down and rising. If one side of the chest only is involved, 

 that fore limb is often advanced in front of the other. The 

 pulse is rapid, hard, and incompressible, and the breathing 

 highly characteristic. It is hurried, carried on chiefly by the 

 abdominal muscles, and has the inspiration short and suddenly 

 checked, while the expiration is slow and prolonged. This 

 character of the breathing may be well observed with the ear 

 placed on the false nostril, on the windpipe, or on the side of 

 the chest. There is a prominent ridge on the abdomen from 

 the outer angle of the hip-bone to the lower ends of the last 

 ribs. By handling the spaces between the ribs a point is 

 reached which is exceedingly tender, the patient flinching and 

 even groaning when it is touched. The ear applied to the 

 same spot detects a soft, rubbing sound during the movements 

 of inspiration and expiration. There is at first no other change 

 in auscultation or percussion. The animal often changes his 

 posture or place as if seeking an easier position, and emits a 

 short, hacking, painful cougli. There is much less redness of 

 the nose than in pneumonia or bronchitis, less heat of the 

 expired air, and no nasal discharge. 



In twenty-four to thirty-six hours effusion ensues in the cavity 



