9<5 THE FARM DOCTOR. 



Stages and weak conditions, vegetable tonics (quinia, gentian) 

 will be demanded. 



HEAVES. BROKEN WIND. 



This is closely allied to asthma, but is more continuous in 

 Its symptoms, and less paroxysmal. 



Causes. — Overfeeding on clover hay, sainfoin, lucern, and 

 allied plants : on chaff, cut straw, and other bulky and in- 

 nutritious food. In Arabia, in Spain, and in California, where 

 there is no long winter feeding on hay, and in the United States 

 where clover is not used, heaves is virtually unknown ; it has 

 advanced westward just in proportion as clover hay has been 

 introduced as the general fodder for horses, and it has dis- 

 appeared in England and New England in proportion as the 

 soil has become clover sick and as other aliment had to be 

 supp'ied. The worst conditions are when a horse is left in the 

 stable for days and weeks eating clover hay, or even imper- 

 fectly cured dusty hay of other kinds, to the extent of thirty 

 pounds and upwards daily, and is suddenly taken out and 

 driven at a rapid pace. Violent exertions of any kind, and 

 diseases of the lungs are also potent causes. It is mainly a 

 disease of old horses, but may attack the colt of two years old. 

 Finally, horses \vith small chests are most liable, and thus the 

 disease proves hereditary. 



Symptoms. — There is a double lift of the flank with each 

 expiratory act, there being first a falling in of the abdominal 

 walls, and then, after a perceptible interval, a rising of the 

 posterior part of the belly to complete the emptying of the 

 chest; also a short, dry, weak, almost inaudible cough, followed 

 by a wheeze in the throat, and occurring in paroxysms when 

 violently exercised, when brought from the stable into the cold 

 air, or after a drink of cold water. The breathing is accom- 

 panied by a wheezing noise^ above all evident when the patient 

 is excited by work, or when the ear is applied on the side of 



