104 THE FARM DOCTOR. 



they only must be kept apart, while infested pastures may De 

 safely grazed by cattle, horses, asses, or mules. Nathusius 

 obviated the attacks by keeping the early lambs in sheds and 

 boxes until May, and the late ones until autumn, and by feeding 

 in the same places on roots and hay in wet weather. Abundant 

 dry feeding and a free access to salt are especially desirable. 



Treatment. — This is precisely the same as for calves. The 

 tonic mixture (iron, ginger, and gentian) may be given to the 

 extent of two ounces to every ten three-months' lambs daily. 

 For the intestinal parasites, a teaspoonful each of salt and oil 

 of turpentine may be given in milk every second day, before 

 eating if possible. Fumigate precisely as for the calf. 



SYMPTOMS OF VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS IN PIGS. 



Rayer and Bellingham supposed these parasites to be harm- 

 less to pigs, but my experience agrees with that of Deguileme, 

 that they will accumulate in such numbers as to cause bron- 

 chitis and death. The symptoms are essentially the same as 

 in other animals — the coughing up of worms and eggs being 

 the only reliable evidence of the disease. 



Prevention and treatment are essentially the same as for 

 lambs and calves. 



SYMPTOMS IN BIRDS. GAPES. 



Young turkeys or chickens a few days old frequently open the 

 mouth wide and gasp for breath, sneeze, and make efforts at 

 swallowing. These movements become more constant and 

 severe, breathing is oppressed and wheezing, and the little 

 patients grow languid and dispirited, droop, and die. It is 

 Especially prevalent on old-established farms with large flocks 

 of fowls. 



Treatment. — The worms may be partly removed by a feather 

 stripped of all its plumes except at the tip, or still better, by a 

 horse-hair twisted up so as to have a very fine loop. The 

 mouth being opened the feather or hair is passed into the 



