174 THE FARM DOCTOR. 



The colics are to be treated by anti-spasmodics (tobacco, 

 stramonium, laudanum, etc.), and mild laxatives, and the animai 

 must be well fed to support him under the drain and to keep 

 the parasite gorged, lazy, and non-irritating. In summer when 

 the bots are coming away their exit may be precipitated by a 

 good dose of physic. 



Prevention. — Trim off the long hairs of the jaws, breast, 

 shoulder and fore limbs, and apply a little oil daily to prevent 

 the eggs from adhering. Or brush off the eggs with soap-suds 

 daily before they have had time to hatch in the sun. A piece 

 of cloth extended across beneath the jaws is often employed to 

 protect this part 



Rat-tailed Maggots, the larvae of helophilus, are also found 

 vu horses' intestines, but are not known to be injurious. 



Fig. 23. — Helophilus. 

 INTESTINAL WORMS. 



These are arranged in four classes : i. The tape-worms^ 

 consisting of flat bodies made up of a succession of segments 

 or links, with a narrow neck and small head, and divided into 

 tape-worms proper, which are round-headed, and bothriocephali, 

 which are flat-headed with lateral openings ; 2. The flukes, 

 soft-bodied, flattened, leaf-like, or ovoid worms, with digestive 

 organs and a variable number of sucking discs ; 3. The thorn- 

 headed worms, with long rounded bodies and retractile snouts 

 furnished with hooks by which they attach themselves to the 

 mucous membrane, but neither mouth nor digestive canal ; 4. 

 Lastly, the round worms, which differ from the last in the 

 absence of a protractile, hooked snout, and the possession of 

 mouth and digestive canal. The horse harbours in his intes- 

 tinal canal at least three tape-worms and seven round worms ; 

 the ox, two tape-worms, two flukes, and five round worms; tlie 



