DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS. 179 



In addition to the tape-worms mentioned in the general 

 -irticles on parasites, the dog suffers much from others, as from 

 the following round worms : — Ascaris JNIarginata, two to four 

 inches long; Spiroptera Sanguinolenta, one and one-half to 

 three inches long ; Strongylus Trigonocephalus and Dochmius 

 Trigonocephalus, each under one-half inch ; and Tricocephalus 

 Depressiusculus, the thick part of which is about one-half inch. 

 One worm of the cat, Ascaris Mystax, one to three inches long, 

 deserves mention because of its being harboured also in the 

 lunnan intestine. 



General SymJ>ioms of Intestinal Worms. — These are shown 

 when worms are present in large numbers, when they attach 

 themselves to the mucous membranes or when they bore 

 through these to reach other parts. There are general signs of 

 ill-health, poor condition, pot-belly, hidebound, a scurfy dry 

 state of the skin, often with itching, irregular and usually 

 voracious appetite, foetid breath, diarrhoea alternating with 

 costiveness, the passage of mucus with the dung, slight, colicky 

 pains with tympany, especially in the morning before feeding, a 

 puffy swelling and itchiness of the anus, which is often sur- 

 rounded with a fur of dried mucus, and, above all, the passage oj 

 the won/is or their eggs. 



In the horse there is often a tendency to elevate the upper lip 

 and to rub it against wall or manger, to lick earth or lime, or to 

 shake the tail or rub out the hair about its root. There may, 

 though rarely, be severe flatulent or spasmodic colic, enteritis 

 or peritonitis. 



In cattle there are advancing emaciation, depraved or variable 

 appetite, impaired rumination, colics, tympanies, and foetid 

 breath. 



Sheep lose appetite, scour, suffer from thirst, wasting, blood- 

 less eyes, clapped, unhealthy or shedding wool, a desire to eat 

 eaith, itchmg anus shown by frequent shaking of the tail, and 

 finally, dropsical effusions in the chest and belly, and beneath 



