DISEASES OF THE tUGESTIVE ORGANS. iSi 



their skin and perhaps their intestinal canal. It includes iron 

 filings, granulated tin or tin filings, very finely powdered glass, 

 and cowhage. These are given in doses of \ oz. to the large 

 quadrupeds, i dr. to sheep and swine, or i scr. to dogs, made 

 into a ball with linseed meal and syrup. They may be repeated 

 daily for a week and followed by a smart purge. 



Bitters (quassia, cinchona, gentian, wormwood), are often 

 beneficial, though mainly acting as tonics. For worms in the 

 last gut a concentrated solution as an injection acts well. 



Among the more direct vermifuges are: — Common salt, 

 allowed to be licked at will (must not be mixed in large amoun'. 

 in the food of swine or chickens) ; oil of turpentine ; calomel ; 

 tartar emetic with sulphate of iron, for six mornings runninjj, 

 and followed by a purge; empyreumatic oils, and especially 

 those coming off at a slightly lower temperature than creosote 

 and carbolic acid ; azedarach; Spigelia marilandica (pinkroot); 

 santonine; sulphuric ether; asafoetida; tansy; savin, etc. 

 These are general vermifuges, and may be used especially for 

 the round worms. 



For tape-worms use areca nut ; kousso ; root of male shield •• 

 fern ; pomegranate root bark ; kameela ; pumpkin seeds ; 

 ailanthus glandulosa; or oil of turpentine. In every case the 

 agent should be given fasting, it may even be repeated at the 

 end of four hours, and should be followed by a smart purge. 

 For weak animals areca nut is especially suitable. 



A course of tonics (sulphate of iron, gentian, columba) 

 should follow with sound nourishing diet and pure water. 



In the case of the Sclerostomum Equinum, it will usually be 

 needful to repeat tlie treatment at short intervals to kill the 

 young worms which have escaped because of their being buried 

 in the mucous membrane. 



Prevention is to be sought by measures advised under lung- 

 worms, especial attention being given to sound nourislung food 

 and pure water. 



