DISEASES OF THE LIVER. 195 



all, a free range in the open air; for herbivora, sound, juicy 

 pastures, and in case of malarious soil or impure water, a 

 change even for a few miles to a higher locality. 



RESULTS OF INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER. 



Beside recovery there may be effusion of blood with softening, 

 granular softening, abscess, and fibrous induration. These, ii 

 not promptly fatal, give rise to wasting diseases with general 

 symptoms of liver disorder, but into these our space will not 

 permit us to enter. (See the author's larger work.) 



GALL-STONES. BILIARY CALCULI. 



These arc especially common in oxen when subject to the 

 dry feeding of winter, but are found in all domestic animals, 

 often in great numbers. They occur as round masses, angular 

 masses when they have lain in contact, or as incrustations on 

 the walls of the ducts, of which they form distinct casts. They 

 often fail to cause manifest disorder, but if they obstruct the 

 ducts there is acute spasmodic pain in the abdomen, with all 

 the signs of colic, tenderness over the last ribs, and more or 

 less jaundice. The attacks are liable to recur as new calculi 

 are displaced, and the general health suffers. Carnivora vomit, 

 and in all diarrhoea may set in if relief is not obtained. Sheej) 

 generally have incrustations when affected with flukes (liver-rot). 



The formation of- these calculi may usually be prevented in 

 herbivora by allowing a fair amount of exercise and succulent 

 food, and they nearly always disappear in cattle turned out on 

 the rich grasses of spring. Beside these measures their removal 

 may be sought by the daily use of carbonate and sulphate of 

 soda and common salt, with abundance of good water and 

 exercise. During the attacks give anti-spasmodics, lobelia, 

 belladonna, hyoscyamus, chloral-hydrate, etc., and keep up hoi 

 fomentations perseveringly to the loins and abdomen. Chloral- 

 hydrate and chloroform dissolve cholesterine calculi. 



