2 22 THE FARM DOCTOR. 



that it cannot be withdrawn. It may be necessary to incise 

 the sheath or scarify the penis and apply cold water a,nd other 

 astringents, with manipulation to return the protruded organ. 



Tumours on the Spermatic Cord. — This results from 

 rough handling in castrating, from strangulation, or from inflam- 

 mation consequent on the presence of irritants in the wound or 

 exposure to cold. It may grow for years without disabling the 

 animal ; its growth may cease, leaving an inconsiderable thick- 

 ening on the cord ; it may acquire the size of a large udder of 

 a cow, and contract numerous vascular adhesions to surround- 

 ing parts ; or it may extend up through the inguinal canal into 

 the abdomen, as felt on examination through the rectum. 



Treatment. — Those confined to the end of the cord may be 

 removed like the testicle in castration. Those that have con- 

 tracted adhesions to the thigh and sheath may still be removed 

 with care, each vessel being tied as it is reached. But when 

 the adhesions are very extensive and the tumour very large it is 

 almost impossible to do this, and in the case of extension of 

 the disease into the abdomen nothing can be done beyond 

 partial destruction of the mass with caustics. 



CASTRATION OF FEMALES. 



In small animals this is done through the flank; in large, 

 more conveniently through the vagina. The animal is stretched 

 on its left side, the fore limbs and head being firmly secured 

 and the hind limbs extended backwards. The hair is shaved 

 from the flank a little below the angle of the hip-bone, and an 

 incision made from above down, extending to an inch in the 

 pig ©r bitch, or sufficient to introduce the hand in the heifer. 

 Then with the finger or hand, as the case may be, the womb is 

 sought, backward at the entrance of the pelvis in the interval 

 between the bladder and the strait gut. Being found, one horn 

 or division is drawn up through the wound until its end is 

 exDOsed with the round mass of the ovary adjacent. The latter 



