254 ^^^ FARM DOCTOR. 



temporal artery (just behind the eye) or the jugular vein, keep 

 perfectly quiet, and freely open the bowels. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. PHRENIflS. ENCEPHALITIS. 

 CEREBRAL MENINGITIS, 



This is seen in all domestic animals, but especially in horses, 

 oxen, and sheep. Among the causes may be mentioned : blows 

 on the head with concussion of the brain or fracture of the 

 cranial bones ; plugging of the vessels in the brain by clots 

 formed in diseases elsewhere ; infections of the blood with pus 

 or putrid animal fluids ; sudden changes of temperature ; ex- 

 posure to extreme heat or cold ; the over-e ertion of plethoric 

 animals ; alcoholic poisoning from feeding spoiled products of 

 distilleries ; congestion from a tight collar, loss of jugular, or 

 diseased heart; sympathetic nervous disorder from indigestion ; 

 the growth of tumours or parasites in the brain ; feeding on 

 ergoted grasses or smut. 



Symptoms. — If the brain substance alone is involve J there is 

 usually dulness, stupor, and palsy, sensory and motor ; if the 

 membranes covering the brain, there is more violence, delirium, 

 irregular movements, pawing, stamping, champing the teeth, and 

 partial or general convulsions. In either case there is trembling, 

 elevated temperature, exciting pulse and breathing, heat about 

 the upper part of the head, injected glaring eyes, rolling or sei, 

 extreme excitability and violent trembling, even when just 

 roused from stupor. The patient will sometimes bore the head 

 against an obstacle, or rest his haunches on any object within 

 reach. The violence is not necessarily continuous, but usually 

 occurs in paroxysms, leaving intervals of stupor and compara- 

 tive quiet. During the paroxysm the subjects may cry ; horses 

 neigh, cattle bellow, sheep bleat, pigs squeal and grunt. During 

 the periods of stupor the pulse and breathing are usually slow, 

 and this applies also to those cases in which the disease has 

 merged into a condition of vertigo, coma, or paralysis. 



