/)/SE/!SES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 250 



sure on the brain, or as a reflex action from distant organs 

 (impacted stomach, constipation, pregnancy, etc.), and may 

 not be incompatible with life. If from section or cutting of 

 the spinal cord in front of the fifth neck-bone (broken neck, 

 pithing), it is promptly fatal by abolishing respiration. 



PARAPLEGIA. PALSY OF THK HIND LIMBb. 



This is a common form of paralysis resulting from broken 

 back or loins, or it may be reflex from disordered digestion, 

 etc. (in horses, cattle, dogs). It may also occur from tumours 

 or parasites in the spinal cord, from bony swellings the result 

 of sprains, from inflammation and softening of the cord, and 

 from lolium temulentum (darnel), and the newly-ripened seeds 

 of its allies, lolium linicola (flax rye-grass), and lolium perenne 

 (perennial rye-grass). The chick vetch, millet, ergot, and 

 various blood poisons (taurocholic acid, leucin, tyio^in, urea, 

 etc), have a similar action. 



HEMIPLEGIA. 



This consists in paralysis of one lateral half of the body, to 

 the exclusion of the other, usually as the result of some disorder 

 of one side of the brain or spinal cord. It occurs in all animals, 

 but less frequently than paraplegia. 



FACIAL PARALYSIS. 



This sometimes occurs from a continuous current of cold air 

 striking on the side of the face, but also from bruises behind 

 the eye and joint of the jaws, by a badly-fitting bridle, a collar, 

 or apparatus commonly used for breachy horses. Cows suffer 

 from similar injuries from stanchions. Finally, it may result 

 from disease of the brain or middle ear. 



Other local paralyses, such as of the ear, eyelids, lips, tongue, 

 larynx, tail, etc., result from corresponding causes. 



Treatment for Paralysis. — Our first object must be to remove 



