CHAPTER XVI. 



GENERAL DISEASES OF BONES, JOINTS, AND 



MUSCLES. 



Lameness, symptoms, at rest and in exercise. Diseases of Bones. Inflam 

 mation. Ostitis. Periostitis. Softening. Enlargement. Suppuration. Ulcer- 

 ation. Scrofulous (Tubercular) Disease of Bone. Softening and Rarefaction 

 of Bone. Rickets. Osteo Malacia. Softening in Cows. Softening in Horses. 

 Big-head. Fractures. Diseases of Joints. Inflammation. Arthritis. Synovitis. 

 Ulceration. Bony Deposit. Anchylosis. Open Joint. Inflammation of 

 Bursas and Sheaths of Tendons. Diseases of Muscles. Ruptures. Inflamma- 

 lion. Fatty Degeneration. Rupture and Section of Tendons. Sprains. 

 Thickening. Shortening. Calcification. 



LAMENESS. 



As the three following chapters will embrace most of the 

 different causes of lameness, the more prominent manifestations 

 of this failing may be here noticed. 



Standing. — The patient should be approached quietly and 

 when you are certain he is free from all exciting causes. If 

 resting on all four limbs, the pastern of the lame one will 

 usually be more upright than the others. One fore foot ad- 

 vanced eight or ten inches in front of the other suggests some 

 tenderness of the heel or the structures in the posterior region 

 (jf the lower part of the limb. Bending of the knee and fetlock 

 and resting of the foot on the toe, without any advance in front 

 of the other, usually implies disease of the shoulder or elbow. 

 The advance of both fore feet, the rest being taken on the 

 heels, and the hind limbs brought well forward under the body, 

 should direct attention to the front of the feet. Resting of 



