SPECIAL INJURIES OF BONES. 33 1 



FRACTURE OF THE FORE-ARM. 



P'ractures between the elbow and knee in horses on cattle 

 necessarily leave the animal unable to rest on the limb ; if in 

 dogs or cats one of the bones may be broken while the other 

 remains unliarmed, and weight can still be borne. There is 

 trembling of the muscles, distortion easily felt on carrying the 

 hand down the inner side along the line of the bone, and 

 grating when the limb is moved. 



Treatment.— \i the fracture is very oblique treatment will 

 rarely pay in horses, but if transverse or jagged so that the 

 bones do not ride, the case is very hopeful. Setting the bones, 

 with the aid of extension and counter-extension, or even ether 

 if necessary, applying splints and bandages from the foot to 

 the elbow, and placing in slings (if a large animal) are the 

 essential conditions 



SPRAIN OF THE RADIAL LIGAMENT. 



This is an injury of a strong, flat, fibrous band, coming from 

 the lower third of the fore-arm and joining the back tendons 

 just above the knee. It is characterized by a tendency to 

 carry the pastern upright, or even to flex the knee and to 

 stumble. The knee cannot be fully flexed without much pain, 

 and there is a hot tender swelling immediately behind the bone 

 and extending Lrom the knee about four inches upward. 



Treat by rest, a laxative, a high-heeled shoe, and fomenta- 

 tions, or cooling astringent lotions; followed when heat and 

 tvjnderness subside by active blistering should lameness continue. 



SPRAIN OF THE IJACK TENDONS BEHIND THE KNEE. 

 THOROUGH-PIN OF THE KNEE. 



ITiis is manifested by a tense fluctuating swelling on each 

 side of die back tendons just above the knee and behind the 

 bone of the fore-arm ; also ot a swelling behind and immedi- 

 ately below the knee, pressure on one ot these swellings causing 



