DISEASED GROWTHS. 393 



ing the growth of the tumour, is always highly suspicious. 

 These tumours have no clearly defined limit, nor limiting sac, 

 but grow in the natural structures, drawing them into their 

 substance and transforming them into a cancerous mass. 

 Hence, a cancer near the surface will often lead to a depres- 

 sion at first by the drawing in of the skin, and in the mammary 

 glands the drawing in of the teat is a most characteristic early 

 symptom. They are hereditary, tending to appear in the off- 

 spring at the same age as in the parent. They lead to early 

 and painful swelling of the adjacent lymphatic glands, of the 

 internal lymphatic glands, and of the spleen, and produce or 

 aggravate the unhealthy constitutional state on which the 

 deposition of cancer depends. If removed, there is a great 

 liability to the formation of cancer in the same situation or 

 some other, and especially if we fail to remove the whole organ 

 in which the disease primarily appeared. They are more 

 vascular, and grow faster without apparent cause (mechanical 

 injury, exposure), than simple tumours. Finally, they contam 

 an excess of albumen, and the larger the proportion of albu- 

 men, of cells and granules, the more rapid is the growth and 

 the more redoubtable the result. 



The Hani Cancers {Scirrhus) are firm and crisp under the 

 knife, and from the cut surface exudes a whitish fluid— cancer- 

 juice — containing the characteristic cells and granules. Soft 

 or Brain-like Cancer is very soft and friable, bleeds freely when 

 wounded, contains a great excess of cells and granules, and 

 from its rapid growth pushes existing tissues aside so as to feel 

 more circumscribed. It is the cancer of the young and of 

 particular organs, such as the eye, grows rapidly, opens early, 

 exposing a raw, unhealthy, bleeding surface, and has a short 

 and fatal course. It is often complicated by an extensive pro- 

 duction of black pigment (melanotic cancer). In Epithelial 

 Cancer the morbid product consists mainly in epithelial cells, 

 and it grows downward into the substance of the tissues as well 



