160 



KNOWLEDGE 



[August 1, 1891. 



Notes. 



(ii) G. Q to K2 is now more usually played, but against 

 correct play it yields no advantage. 



{h) 7. r X P is perhaps better. If then 7. . . Kt x B, 

 8. P to QR4, recovering the piece. 



((■) 7. . . QP X B leads to an even game. Black pro- 

 bably wished to avoid the exchange of Queens, but gets 

 thereby a rather cramped game. White's next move is 

 better than Px P, for Black could then, after Castling, free 

 his game by P to KB8. 



{(I) This leaves a weak point at QB4 to be occupied 

 by the hostile Knights. He might try instead B to Q8 at 

 once (White threatens B xP). 



(i) In order to make room for the Queen at Bsq. Kt to 

 Esq also seems feasible, leaving a diagonal for the Queen 

 to escape by, in case White exchanges Rooks, and ulti- 

 mately developing by Kt to KtS. 



( /■) Just in time to prevent his game being blocked by 

 P to KKt4. 



((/) White so far has played with excellent judgment, but 

 has nothing more to do at present. His only chance of 

 attack lies in working his Queen on to the QR file. The 

 move actually made is cleverly taken advantage of by Mr. 

 Mortimer to drive the QKt out of play ; but vith' note (//). 



(A) If 20. P to KE4, P to KR3 (best); 21. PxP, 

 RP X P ; 22. E to K3 ! K to Bsq ; 23. B x B, P x B ; 24. 

 R to B3 ! B to K5 (If . . . P x Kt ; 2.5. R x B) ; 2.5. R x P, 

 P x Kt ; 26. Kt X P, threatening to win by Q x R, Kt to 

 Q7ch, and E x Ktch, and threatening also R x P or Q x P 

 or Q to Q6ch accordmg to circumstances. In any case 

 White must get at least three Pawns for the piece 

 sacrificed, and would probably win in actual play. 



(i) With a view to R to Ksq, which White proceeds to 

 stop. The move also frees his Knight. 



(,/) By this and his next move (which is of the nature 

 of a blunder) White unnecessarily compromises his position. 

 He should bring the QKt into play. Mr. Mortimer 

 now takes up the attack in %-igorous style till the end. 



(A) K to Kt2 seems much better. Black now, noticing 

 the position of the White Knight, is content to offer the 

 exchange of Rooks. White, however, could still draw by 

 accepting it. His next move is speedily fatal. 



(/) 29. Kt to B3 would prevent the immediate catas- 

 tro^jhe, but Black would win after 29. . . Q x Pch ; 30. 

 K to Ktsq, R to K6, .tc. Agam, if 29. . . . Q x BP, 

 R to K7ch ; 30. K to Kt3, R to K6ch ! and wins easily. 



KNIGHTS AND BISHOPS. 



(Contumed fnim ]>. 140.) 



1. The first point to be considered, then, is extent of 

 range. In this the superiority of the Bishop seems at 

 first sight overwhelming. A Bishop commands a maxi- 

 mum of thirteen squares, and a minimum of seven ; a 

 Knight's maximum is eight, and its minimum only two. 

 This superiority, however, is subject to important limita- 

 tions. It should be noticed, for instance, that the Bishop 

 commands its maximum number of squares, only when 

 placed on one of the four centre squares ; while a Knight 

 commands its maximum when placed on any one of the 

 xi.Hfcn centre squares, and this too regardless of obstacles. 

 Moreover, in the earlier stages of the game a Bishop can 

 very rarely be posted with advantage in the centre of the 

 board ; and unless this is so, its maximum is at once reduced 

 to eleven squares. 



2. A Knight can be brought to command any square on 

 the board ; a Bishop being, of course, limited to half the 

 total number. The Knight's advantage hei-e is especially 

 prominent in a blocked position, or when Pawns have to 

 be attacked in the end-game. 



8. Nothing can prevent a Knight from commanding any 

 square within its range. A Bishop, on the other hand, 

 except in the end-game, is hampered even more by his own 

 Pawns and pieces than by those of the other side ; so much 

 so, that a Bishop may be sometimes reduced to a state of 

 total inactivity. But there is no imprisoning a Knight 

 possessed of ordinary prudence. 



Now comes a most important consideration. It is well 

 known that a minor piece should generally be supported 

 by a Pawn ; and in the case of a Bishop, the vei-y Pawn 

 which supports it shuts it out from retiring in that direc- 

 tion, and very often from communication with the other 

 wing, which should always, when possible, be kept open. 

 For this reason the best position on the board for the 

 King's Bishop is QKt3. A loophole for escape may be 

 opened by P to QB3, and the Bishop, being defended 

 by a Rook's Pawn, is not shut out from conunanding any 

 square within its range. 



(To be continued.) 



'Till' British Clwss Mcuiminc for July contains a portrait 

 of Buckle, the historian, with a sketch of his chess career 

 illustrated by some of his games. Perhaps the most attrac- 

 tive feature of the number is a very readable review of Mr. 

 Gossip's latest. A Problem Tourney with some novel 

 features is announced. 



A Tournament has been in progress some weeks at 

 Simpson's Divan. The first prize lies between Messrs. 

 Loman and Van Vliet ; Messrs. Bird and Mortimer should 

 take the third and fourth prizes. The other competitors 

 are Messrs. Lee, Muller, Tinsley, Gossip, Fenton, and 

 Jasnagrodsky. 



A match of seven games up has been arranged between 

 Messrs. Blackburne and Gunsberg. The locale is not yet 

 decided on. 



Contents of No. 69. 



PAGE 



Gnats. Midges, and Mosquitos. 



By E. A. Butler 121 



On the Plan of the Sidereal 



System. By J. E. Sutton, 



B.A.Cantab l£i 



The Exnerimental Method in 



Geology. By Vaughan Cornish, 



B.Sc, F.C.S 125 



Flying Animals. By R. Lydek- 



ker, B.A.Cantab. 127 



The Companion to a UrssB 



Majoris (^ 1077). By S. W. 



Burnham 129 



Astronomy as taught byAcademy 



Pictui-es 129 



PAGE 



Birds and Berries. By the Rev. 

 Alex. S. Wilson, M.A., B.Sc.... 130 



Notices of Books 132 



Letters :— W. H. S. Monck ; E. 

 W. Maunder; C. Lund; H. 

 Christopher; H. N. Hutchin- 

 son ; E. Chartres 133 



The Potato Fungus. By J. Pent- 

 land Smith, M.A.. B.Sc, &c. 135 



The Face of the Sky for July. 

 By Herbert Sadler, F.E.A.S. .. 137 



Whist Column. By W. Montagu 

 Gattie, B.A.Oxon 138 



Chess Column. By C. D. Locock, 

 B.A.Oxon 139 



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