178 



KNOWLEDGE. 



[September 1, 1891. 



Mercui-y, though in inferior conjunction with the Sun on 

 the 13th, and therefore invisible during the first half of 

 the mouth, becomes a striking object in the morning sky 

 during the latter part of September. On the 19th he rises 

 at 4h. 12m. a.m., or Ih. Im. before the Sim, with a northern 

 declination of 4° 37', and an apparent diameter of 91", 

 about Jji of the disc being illimiinated. On the 21th he 

 rises at 4h. 17m. a.m., or about Ih. 38m. before the Sun, 

 with a northern declination of 6" 17' and an apparent 

 diameter of about 8", about j^ of the disc being then 

 illuminated. On the 29th he rises at 4h. 13m. a.m., 

 or Ih. 4.5m. before the Sun, with a northern declination of 

 5° 33', and an apparent diameter of 6f", about -^^ of the 

 disc being then illuminated. He is at his greatest western 

 elongation (17° 51') on the 28th, and during the last three 

 or four days of the month presents pretty configurations 

 with Mars, Saturn, and the Moon (on the last day). 

 While \isible he describes a short looped path on the con- 

 fines of Leo and Virgo, but without approaching any very 

 bright star. 



Jupiter is now a magnificent object in the evening sky, 

 being visible aU night long. He is in opposition to the 

 Sun on the 5th, being then at a distance of about 369 

 millions of miles fi'om the earth. He rises on the 1st at 

 6h. 56m. p.:\i., with a southern declination of 7*^ 50' and an 

 apparent equatorial diameter of 49-2", and on the 30th at 

 4h. 54m. P.M., with a southern declination of 9' 12', and 

 an apparent equatorial diameter of 48-2". The following 

 phenomena of the satellites occur before midnight, while 

 Jupiter is more than S° above and the Sun 8' below the 

 horizon. On the 1st a transit egress of the shadow of the 

 second satellite at 8h. 20m. p.m., and a transit egress of the 

 satellite itself at 8h. 81m. p.m. On the 3rd a transit egress 

 of the shadow of the fourth satellite at lOh. 19m. p.m., and 

 of the satellite itself at lOh. 33m. p.m. Before midnight 

 on the 5th all the satellites will be to the west of the 

 planet. On the 6th a transit ingress of the fir^t satelhte 

 at llh. 9m. p.m., and of its shadow one minute later. This 

 transit should be carefully watched, as the satellite will 

 probably be seen projected ou its shadow. On the 7th an 

 occultatiou disappearance of the first satellite at 8h. 24m. 

 P.M., and an eclipse reappearance of the first satellite at 

 lOh. 43m. 25s. p.m. On the 8th a transit egi-ess of the 

 first satellite at 7h. 53m. p.m., and of its shadow five 

 minutes later ; a transit ingress of the second satellite at 

 7h. 57m. P.M., and of its shadow eight minutes later ; and 

 a transit egi-ess of the second satellite at lOh. 48m. p.m., 

 and of its shadow ten minutes later. On the 10th a transit 

 ingress of the third satellite at 7h. 31m. p.m., and of its 

 shadow at 7h. 59m. p.m. ; a transit egress of the satellite 

 at lOh. 51m. p.m., and of its shadow at llh. 25m. p.m. 

 On the 14th an occultation disaijpearance of the first 

 satellite at lOh. 8m. p.m. On the 15th a transit ingi-ess 

 of the first satellite at 7h. 18m. p.m., and of its shadow at 

 7h. 34m. P.M. ; the egress fi-om transit of the satellite at 

 9h. 36m. P.M., and of its shadow at 9h. 52m. p.m. ; a 

 transit ingi-ess of the second satellite at lOh. 13m. p.m., 

 and of its shadow at lOh. 48m. p.m. On the 16th an 

 eclipse reappearance of the first satellite at 7h. 7m. 22s. 

 p.m. On the 17th an eclipse reappearance of the second 

 satellite at 7h. 56m. 20s. p.m. ; a transit ingi-ess of the 

 third satellite at lOh. 46m. p.m., and of its shadow at mid- - 

 night. On the 21st an occultation disappearance of the ■ 

 first sateUite at llh. 53m. On the 22nd a transit ingress ' 

 of the first satellite at 9h. 2m. p.m., and of its shadow at 

 9h. 28m. P.M. ; a transit egress of the satellite at llh. 20m. 

 P.M., and of its shadow at llh. 47m. p.m. On the 23rd an 

 eclipse reappearance of the first satelhte at 9h. 2m. 87s. 

 On the 24th an occultation disappearance of the first I 



satellite at 6h. 45m. p.m., and its reappearance from eclipse 

 at lOh. 31m. 51s. On the 26th all the satellites will be to 

 the west of the planet. On the 28th an eclipse disappear- 

 ance of the fourth satellite at 8h. 6m. 53s., and reappear- 

 ance at llh. 48m. 19s. ; an ecHpse reappearance of the 

 third satellite at 9h. 20m. 7s. On the 29th a transit 

 ingress of the first satellite at lOh. 47m. p.m., and of its 

 .shadow at llh. 23m. p.m. On the 30th an eclipse reap- 

 pearance of the first satellite at lOh. 57m. 57s. 



There are no well-marked showers of shooting stars in 

 September. 



The Moon is new at 8h. 16m. a.m. on the 2nd ; enters 

 her first quarter at llh. 7m. a.m. on the 11th; is full 

 (Harvest Moon) at 5h. 4m. a.m. on the 18th ; and enters 

 her last quarter at llh. 7m. p.m. on the 24th. She is in 

 apogee at 8-2h. p.m. on the 4th (distance from the earth 

 252,610 miles), and in perigee at 6-4h. a.m. on the 18th 

 (distance from the earth, 221,720 miles). Her greatest 

 eastern libration is at 5h. 15m. a.m. on the 12th, and her 

 greatest western at 8h. 5m. a.m. on the 24th. 



This is a very remarkable Harvest Moon, as the Moon 

 attains her perigee less than an hour and a half after she 

 is full, and her approach to the earth is one of the closest 

 possible, the minimum distance at perigee being, according 

 to Xeison, 221,614 mUes. 



Cijcss Column. 



By C. D. LococK, B.A.Oxon. 



To CoRRESPoxDEXTS. — Communications for this column 

 should be addressed " C. D. Locock, Cintrn, Hmvkhurst, 

 Kent," and posted hefoiv the 10th of each month. 



Solution of Problem No. 2 l//// (t. F.) : 1. Q to KKt2 : — 

 1. . . R to KKt8 2. K to B7, etc. 



(or Kt checks) 

 1. . . KtxKt 2. Q to Kt3 ch, etc. 



1. . . R to Q R 4 2. Kt to K4 ch, etc. 



The words "White" and "Black" were accidentally 

 transposed on the diagram. Fortunately the mistake was 

 one which, if noticed, should easily be suspected. 



Correct Solutions from : — Alpha, K, M. B. (Jesmond), 

 C. S., W. T. Hm-ley, R. W. Houghton, E. B., C. T. 

 Blanshard, Giu. Pianissimo, T. A. Earl, T. E. Kerrigan, 

 W. E. B., F. R., J. Landau, R. T. M., A. Rutherford, T., 

 J. Taylor — (18 correct ; 4 partly incoi-rect). 



Alpha. — First again, according to your prerogative. 

 Your criticisms are just. No. 2 is, the composer tells us, 

 his third attempt only. 



Bctttla.— You are wrong in giving two continuations for 

 White after 1. . . R to R4, and again after 1. . . Kt x Kt, 

 e.g., 1. . . R to R4 ; 2. K to B7 (?), R to KB8 ; 3. No 

 mate. Or 1. . . KtxKt ; 2. K to B7 (?), Kt to K5 ; 3. 

 No mate. Hence the deduction of four points. Your 

 problem, though simple, is neat and artistic. With ties in 

 prospect, it may be necessary to defer its insertion till after 

 the tourney closes. 



A. C. L. W.—li 1. . . KtxKt ; K to B7, Kt to K5 ; 

 3. No mate. This loses two points. 



G. F. — Omitting R at QR8 does away with variation 3. 

 Omitting the other Rook permits a dual in the same varia- 

 tion. The White Pawn at KR3 instead of Black Pawn at 

 KR7 would be an improvement. Thanks for the game, 

 for which room may be found soon. Glad you lite the 

 articles. 



C. S. — Could you not find another fiirst move ? A deter- 

 mination to do so might lead to other improvements in 

 construction. 



