180 



KNOWLEDGE. 



[September 1, 1891. 



Notes. 



{<i) Much better than either fi. . . . B x P ; 7. Q to Kt4, 

 or G. . . . KtxP; 7. B to K8, or 7. Kt to B3. Delayins: 

 the capture puts White in a dileiunia, for he cannot tell 

 how the Pawn will be taken. 



(b) If 7. Q to Kt4 ?, Kt X BP ; 8. B to K3, P to Q5 ; 0. 

 Castles, Q to Kt3 ! winning the exchange. 7. P to QR3 is 

 sometimes played, and has the merit of compelling Black 

 to show his hand (otherwise White will defend the Pawn 

 by P to QKt-i), but does not in other respects aid develop- 

 ment. We would suggest 7. B to K3, as the safest 

 continuation, but disbelieve in the whole attack. Mr. 

 Loraan's move is of doubtful value, shutting out, as it 

 does, the Q from Kt-t. 



(c) For Black could now hamper development con- 

 siderably by B X P. White now hastens to Castle while 

 he can. 



(d) A lost move ; the Bishop is quite harmless. He 

 should play either 9. . . . B to K"2, or 9. ... Q to Kt3 ; 

 for if then 10. B to K3, KtxP! ; 11. KtxKt, BxB ; 12. 

 P to QKt4, BxR; and though White gets some attack 

 by retaking the Bishop at once, it should be parried by 

 careful play. 



(e) Kt to Q4 might be played at once. 



(/■) Castling is much better. If then 13. Q to Kt4, 

 P to KB4, followed by Kt to K.5, and P to QB4 if the 

 Queen moves. 



(;/) Perhaps Kt to B3 is preferable, leaving K2 for the 

 other Knight. 



[h) The key-move of an ingenious plan for breaking 

 through on the King's side. 



((•) If KtPxP, -22. B to EG, Kt to KtG ; 23. B to Kt7 

 wins. 



(/') The only move. If 23. ... R to Ktsq, 24. 

 Q to B3, B to QBsq. ; 26. Q to B7ch, and 2C Kt x P. 



{k) Or 24. Q to B3, Q to K2 ; 2.5. P to Kt3 (not 25. 

 R X P ?, P X R ; 2G. Kt X P, B to B3 !). 



(/) To prevent B to Kt7 after the next move on each 

 side. The best defence, however, is probably B to Bsq. 



(m) If 28. Q to B4, B to Kt4 ! Not 28. . . . QB to 

 Bsq ; 29. Q to B7ch, K to Q2 ; 30. Kt x P, &c. 



(n) Overlooking White's brilliant reply. K to Qsq. was 

 the only move. 



(o) Best. If Q to Kt7 Black can safely take the KtP. 



(})) Not to much purpose. Probably his best chance of 

 drawing lay in R to KBsq., in order to remain with two 

 Bishops against a Rook and Knight. 



( 7) Baiting a trap to catch himself. 



(/■) If K to Ksq. White forces the game by 37. R to B8ch, 

 BxR; 38. Q to B7th, 89. QxBch, and 40. Q to QGch, 

 mating in a few moves, or winning the Queen. The 

 variations are worth following out. 



(x) A very brilliant termination. 



(t) If K to Qsq mate follows in three moves by 

 K to BSch, etc. 



KNIGHTS AND BISHOPS. 

 ( ( 'ontiniied from p. 1 60. ) 



4. A Bishop acts at a distance. This power is of great 

 importance in attacking the adverse King. To take a 

 simple instance : A Bishop checks a King ; the King can 

 never move so as to gain time by attacking the Bishop in 

 turn. On the other hand, when checked by a Knight the 

 King has tiro squares available for coming in contact with 

 the attacking piece. Take again the case where a Knight 

 is used to defend a single Pawn in the end-game. The 

 adverse King (or Queen) by attacking both at once wins 

 one or the other. A Bishop in a similar situation would 

 simply move away, still holding on to the Pawn. Hence 

 we get the corollary that in di'fmditKj Pawns a Bishop is 

 superior to a Knight ; in uttarkinii them the case is reversed 

 {vide point 2). 



5. Again, in the end-game a Knight is inferior to a 

 Bishop in the art of stojipinfi passed Pawns. Imagine a 

 diagonal series of six Pawns extending from Black's QKt2 

 to his KKt7. A White Bishop, by simply occupying the 

 diagonal in front, effectually stops the whole six from 

 advancing. A Knight would be helisless against more than 

 ttrn of the six. In the case of a single adverse passed 

 Pawn advancing to Queen, it is obvious that, while a 

 distant Knight will have to start at once in order to catch 

 it, a Bishop may quietly wait until the Pawn has reached 

 the sixth or seventh row. This is owing to the superior 

 pare of the Bishop. 



G. A Bishop can iirdn a mare, i.e., it can take, if neces- 

 sary, an odd number of moves to leave and regain the 

 square which it occupies. This is sometimes of importance 

 in the end-game, and here again the Knight is at a dis- 

 advantage, the process mentioned invariably taking an 

 rreii number of moves. 



7. A Bishop can rontine a Knight at the side of the 

 board. This, of course, will seldom occur except in the 

 end-game. 



8. A Bishop " pins " ; a Knight " forks." The latter is, 

 we think, by far the more dangerous gift. There are more 

 opportunities for its exercise, and there is no " interposing " 

 against a " fork." The summing-up and verdict must be 

 deferred till the next number. 



Contents op No. 70. 



PAGE I PAGE 



Gnats, Midges, and Mosquitos. Swimming Animals. By E. 



II.— By E. A. Butler Ul i Lydekker, B.A.Cantab 1.52 



The Life-History of Filaria San- On the Space-Penetrating Power 



Siiinis Homims. By .Toseph W. , „{ Large Telescopes. By A. 



Williams IW C. Eanyard IM 



Lunar and Terrestrial Volcanos. m,_ t,t ■ o * t> t> 



By Rev. H. N. Hutchinson, Th^ Magic Square of Four. By 



b:a.,F.G.S 1« I T.S.Barrett 156 



The Chemistry of the Dairy. By I The Observation of Red Stars. 



Vaughau Cornish, B.Sc.,F.C.S. 147 1 By Miss A. M. Clerke 156 



On the Fertilization of two | whist Column. By W. Montagu 



common British Orchids By i ,>attie, B.A.Oxon 168 



J. Pentland Smith, M.A., B.Sc, 



&c., Lecturer on Botany, Hor- \ Chess Column. By C. D. Locock, 



ticultural College, Swanley 149 [ B.A.Oxon 159 



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