200 



KNOWLEDGE, 



[OCTOBEE 1, 1891. 



12. QR to Qsq(0 



13. P to QR3 ( i) 



14. P to QKt4 (A-) 

 lo. P to R3 (ill) 



16. RxB 



17. QxR 



18. Q to Kt3 («) 



19. B to KKt5 (o) 



20. E to KBsq 



21. P to Q6 (7) 



22. Kt to Q5 



23. Q to B3 



24. B to B4 ! 



25. BxPch 



White mates in 



12. B to Kt2 



13. Castles (KR) 



14. Kt toKsq (0 



15. BxKt 



16. RxR 



17. Q to KB3 



18. Kt to Bsq 



19. Q to Q3 



20. Q to Q2 (//) 

 ■21. QxP(;) 



22. P to B3 (.s) 



23. Q to Q2 (<) 



24. PxKt («) 



25. K to Rsq 

 three moves. 



Notes. 



('/) Not so good as P to Q3. For White should now con- 

 tinue with 3. P to Q5, Kt to K4 ; 4. P to KB4. 



(h) Kt X P would obviously lose a piece ; but the best 

 defence again is P to Q3, for the Knight could now capture 

 the Bishop if attacked twice by the Pawns. 



((•) Forced now; for if Kt to Kt3, White simply changes 

 Pawns aud checks with the Queen, followed by P to K5. 



((/) Obviously preparing to Castle on the Queen's side, — 

 a plan which he never carries out. Kt to KtS seems pre- 

 ferable. 



(e) He dare not Castle on account of 10. B x P, P to 

 QKt3 ; 11, B to R6oh, K to Q2 ; 12. Kt xP, Q x Kt ; 13. 

 Q X Bch, K to Ksq ; 14. B x P ! and wins. 



( /") So far Wliite has played excellently, aud has in fact 

 a winning position. But now he begins to indulge in a 

 series of weak moves which partly justify the odds received. 

 QKt to Q2 would at once increase his advantage. 



{11) Again, QKt to Q2 would be much better. 



(/() Black now prepares Castling on the other side ; per- 

 haps he would do so better by Kt to Kt3 and B to K2. 



(i) Owing to the weak position of his Queen's Knight, 

 White gains nothing by 12. Q to B2, B x Kt ! (if 12. . . . 

 B to Kt2 ; 13. KtxP, Q x Kt ; 14. B to Q4) : nor by 

 12, P to KR3, B X Kt ! (if 12. ... B to Q2 ? ; 13. Q to 

 B2 ! threatening both B to B5 and Kt x P). He might 

 play 12. Kt to Qsq. 



(j) Now perhaps 13. Kt to Ktsq is the most promising 

 course, with a view to Kt to Q2 or P to QB4. 



(k) This greatly weakens the Queen's side, and leaves 

 the Knight undefended. Again, Kt to Ktsq seems best. 



(/) Kt to E4 seems much better, and would render the 

 subsequent slaughter unnecessary. 



(ill) A wasted move. Kt to Ktsq with a vievv to P to 

 QB4 is still best. 



(?!) Q to Kt4 is probably better. Q x Q is also good 

 enough. 



(o) E to KBsq should be played at any rate lirst. 



(p) If White's reply is sound he should play something 

 to KB3 instead. 



17) Ingenious, if not quite sound. The safest course 

 was Kt to Qsq and Kt to K3. 



(r) Kt (from Ksq) x P was also feasible. If then 22. 

 Kt to Qo, P to B3 ; 23. Kt to BGch, B x Kt ; 24. B x B, 

 Kt to B2 (if Kt x P ? 25. B to B4ch), and Black has good 

 chances of drawing. 



(.s) He had still a good resource in Kt tu Kt3. 



(t) Q to Bsq. is the only defence. White then recovers 

 the Pawn by exchanging and checking with the Knight. 



(u) Fatal. But if K to Rsq ; 25. Kt to Kt6 wins, as 

 " G. F." points out. The ending is very well played by 

 White. 



KNIGHTS AND BISHOPS. 



{Concluded from p. 180.) 



9. There is one other advantage of the Bishop, in- 

 cidentally mentioned under Point 4, which deserves a 

 separate heading. This is the power of advancing or 

 retreating, when attacked, nitliout lieimj direrted from its 

 jntrpim'. ^^'hen a Knight is compelled to move, its range 

 of attack is entirely altered. 



To sum up the results of this not very scientific 

 investigation, it appears that the Bishop has the advantage 

 in six points out of the nine. Curiously enough no less 

 than three out of these six points are applicable only, or, 

 at any rate, specially, to the end-game — the very stage in 

 whifti the Knight is supposed to assert its superiority. It 

 is necessary to assume, therefore, that in the end-game, 

 Point 2 is so important as to outweigh Points 5, 6, and 7. 

 And this may well be the case. Winning Pawns is the 

 essential point in an end-game, and in this the Knight's 

 superiority is unquestioned. 



Taking only the opening and middle game mto con- 

 sideration (and omitting, therefore, points 5 and 6), the 

 Bishop has the best of four points out of the remaining 

 seven ; a result in accordance with its generally estimated 

 value. This, of course, is only a coincidence ; a merely 

 numerical statement of advantages does not amount to 

 proof. "Notice that Point 7 is not omitted. Though a 

 Bishop can only tntnlhi confine a Knight in the end-game, 

 a partial confinement is of constant occurrence early in the 

 game. For instance, a Bishop at K3 may be said to 

 partially confine a Knight at K3. It guards four squares 

 attacked by the Knight, and though the Knight also guards 

 four squares attacked by the Bishop, the Bishop can move 

 heiiund the Knight's range, past the guarded squares]. 

 The combinations of minor pieces must be briefly dismissed. 

 Two Bishops are stronger than Bishop and Knight, which, 

 again, are superior to two Knights. Two Bishops can 

 mate easily, Bishop and Knight with difficulty, two Knights 

 not at all. Two Bishops can also prevent a King from 

 crossing the board, even more eft'ectually than a Rook. 

 When placed side by side the King cannot even approach 

 them. 



Contents of No. 71. 



Guats, Midges, and Mosquitos. 

 — rn. ByE. A. Butler 161 



The Mineralogy of Meteorites. 

 By Vaughan Cornish, B.Sc, 

 F.C.S ira 



Sn-imming Animals. By R. 

 Lydekker, B.A.Cantab 165 



On the Rhythmical Group of Hy- 

 drogen Lines visible in many 

 Stellar Spectra. By A. C. 

 Ranyard 168 



Notices of Books 171 



PAGE 



Letters: — H. C. Russell; A. C. 

 Hanyard ; W. S. Franks 172 



Some Practical Applications of 

 Electricity. By J. J. Stewart 174 



A Double Planet. By J. E. Gore, 

 r.E.A.S 175 



Hydroid Zoophytes. By Herbert 

 IneaU 176 



The Pace of the Sky tor Sep- 

 tember. By Herbert Sadler, 

 F.R.A.S. 177 



Chess Column. By C. D. Locock, 

 B.A.Olon 178 



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