M 



KNowij-.nr.i:. 



Fi;iiRiv\kv. 1012. 



KlJlA r( )I<I.\I. TKMI'KKATlKi:. 

 To till- l-diltirs i>/"K\f)\vr.i;i)C,li." 



Sirs, — Whilst camped on the Man 

 Kscarpmeiit in this I'rotectoratc, I rcceivcil 

 the l^nis'lish papers K'^'hK accounts of the 

 threat heat experienced in I'tnf^land, and I 

 thought it would be of interest if I took a 

 series of readings showing the temperatures 

 ruling on this plateau. 



The diagram att.ichcd is the result, and 

 from it will be seen that the greatest tem- 

 perature obtained during the daytime was 

 71" F. whilst at iiighl it went below freezing. 



The thermometer was not shaded in any 

 w.ay, but exposed to the full force of the sun 

 from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. On eleven nights onl 

 of the thirteen that I spent on the Man, 

 there was a heavy frost, the water in the 

 w;ish -basin being covered with ice about a 

 quarter of an inch thick. The ground tem- 

 perature ranged from 30^ to 130° K during 

 the hours of 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. Of cour.se, 

 the Mau Kscarpmcnt is one of the coldest 

 (inh.abifed) parts of British Kast .Africa, and 

 in most of the settled districts in the High- 

 lands, higher temperatures are obtained, 

 but nothing to what one would expect 

 Fipiator as we are. 



British Fast Africa. 1>. < 



Figure 66. 



Dingram showing Range of Temperature fin open) on Mau Escarpment 



on October 15th. I'Jll. Latitude about 0° 45' S. Height about 9500' above 



sea level. 



situated on the 



CKOl-TS. 



A DURHAM 1;ARR0W. 

 To the Editors of " Knowledge." 



Si rs, — I enclose a photograph (see Figure 67) of a Prehistoric 

 Skeleton and Flint Knife, found in a secondary deposit in the 

 S.E. edge of a round barrow 

 on Batter Law, near Hawthorn, 

 Co. Durham, on June 16th last. 

 Batter Law is a liill forming 

 part of .an elevated tract of glacial 

 debris known as Hesledon Moor, 

 .and rests on the Magnesian Lime- 

 stone. The barrow occupies the 

 highest point of the hill and has a 

 diameter of about thirty-five feet, 

 and height of about four-and-a- 

 half-feet, but has been much 

 disturbed by ploughing and other 

 operations and consequently ob- 

 scured ; it is made of stones and 

 earth. It is not mentioned by 

 Canon Greenwell in " British 

 Barrows." 



Permission to explore was kindly 

 granted by the proprietor of the 

 ground, Mr. J. S. G. Pemberton. 

 J. P., of Hawthorn Towers ; and 1 

 started by opening up the S.IC. 

 side of the mound anticipating the 

 possible occurrence of a secondary 

 deposit on the S. or ]'.. side. 

 Almost immediately we encoun- 

 tered a large mass of sandstone 

 set up on edge. ;ind adjoining this 

 a large oblong whinstone boulder ; 

 on clearing away the earth from 

 these a third block was encountered 

 which proved to be a slab of sand- 

 stone fallen down and coxering the 

 feet of the skeleton, the bones of 

 which were found crushed and 

 scattered beneath if. The large 

 whinstone mass proved to be lying 

 across the skeleton where it had 

 probably been thrown when the 



rough cist was disturbed by ploughing. The skeleton 

 pro\ed to be that of a large and powerful apparently 

 middle-aged man, laid on its right side, facing South, 

 head to the West, the back of the head nearly touching 

 the western slab of the cist, the knees drawn up and the 

 right arm bent round and resting on the left side of the body. 

 The bones of that side of the body in contact with the 

 ground had been largely removed bv solution, but those of 

 the left side were better preserved. The skull was somewhat 

 crushed and the facial bones mostly 

 destroyed, but the dentition was 

 intact and well preserved, except 

 the two upper front incisors which 

 seem to have been lost during 

 lifetime. The skull is now under- 

 going reconstruction and examina- 

 tion in Canon Green well's hands. 

 .Approximately in front of the 

 knees of the skeleton was found a 

 very beautifully- chipped knife of 

 reddish niotdcd tlint. quite sharp 

 and unweathered. It is very skil- 

 fully flaked over the entire upper 

 surface, w hile the under-side shows 

 tlie original surface of the flake, 

 which is untouched except for 

 some slight secondary chipping at 

 the base and towards the point 

 for the purpose of removing .some 

 slight excrescences. 



It is a good example of a class 

 of implement which have been 

 several times recorded from bar- 

 rows, but not hitherto, to my 

 knowledge, from this county. 

 It measures three - and - five - 

 eighths -inches in length, by one- 

 and-one-eighth-inches in breadth. 

 The occunence of a cist burial 

 as a secondary deposit is unusual: 

 but, perhaps, two upright slabs of 

 sandstone with a large mass of 

 whinstone. whose position is un- 

 certain, can scarcely be truly 

 called a cist ; and may have been 

 uierelv intended to protect and con- 

 fine the body. The cist lay as 

 nearly as possiblv east and west. 

 C.'T. TRKCHMANN. H.Sc. 



