NovE^fBER, 1912. 



KNOWLEDGE. 



447 



Mars is a morning Star, but practically invisible. 



Jupiter is invisible, being in conjunction with the Snn on 

 December ISth. 



Saturn" was in opposition N'ovenibcr 23rd. Polar semi- 

 diameter 9A". The major axis of the ring is 47J", the minor 

 axis IQi". The ring is now approaching its maximum opening 

 and projects beyond the poles of the planet. 



East elongations of Tethys (every fourth given). December 

 1" ll''-5 i\ 9" O"-? f, 17" l''-8 m, 24" i*'-0 e. Dione (every 

 third given). December l" 3"-7 e, 9" S"-6 e. Ks" l"-6 »!, 

 26" b'-b 111. 



Meteor Showers (from Mr. Denning's List) : — 



Rhea (everv second given). December 4''9''-9c, 13" 10''-6e, 

 22" ll''-2 e, 31"12''-0e. 



For Titan and lapetus, E. W. mean East and West 

 elongations. I., S. Inferior and Superior Conjunction, Inferior 

 being to the North, Superior to the South. Titan, 2" O'' • 7 in I ., 

 5" S''-6 e W., 9" 6''-9 e S., 13" 9"-6 e E., 17" 10"- 1 e I., 

 21"6''-2e W.,25"4''-6c S.,29"7''-5 e E. lapetus 2" ll''-.SeI., 

 21" ll"-3 e W. 



Uranus is an evening Star, semi-diameter 2". It is 7i° 

 South of Alpha Capricorni, 5" South- West of Beta. It is l|° 

 North of Venus on the 14th. 



Neptune is a morning star, approaching opposition. 



Clusters and Nebulae, 



The shower Dec. 10—12 is a conspicuous one. 



Table 49. 



CORRESPONDENCE. 



WASTE IN COOKING. 



To the Editors of "Knowledge." 



Sirs, — In the very interesting article appearing in the 

 current nuinber of "Knowledge" under the title of "On 

 Cooked Foods " the following sentence occurs : — 



■' With regard to meat it is stated that how-ever cooked it 

 loses from one-fifth to one-third of its weight." 



It may interest your readers to know that meat may be 

 cooked in electric ovens in such a manner that the loss is not 

 more than from one-twentieth to one-eighth of its weight, or 

 in other words from five to fourteen per cent. 



To obtain these results it is, of course, necessary that the 

 cook shall understand the proper use of an electric oven ; but 

 this is easily learnt. 



The extraordinary dilTerence in shrinkage between meat 

 cooked in an electric oven and meat cooked in any other way, 

 seems to be due partly to the fact that electric ovens being 

 practically airtight very little evaporation takes place, and 

 partly to the evenness of electrically generated heat. There 

 are probably other reasons which though not apparent to a 

 cook, would at once occur to a scientific nund. 



If any of your readers could explain the matter from a 

 scientific point of view it would be extremely interesting, and 

 it seems to me that the whole subject is one which in the 

 interests of economy cannot be too widely ventilated. 

 AMV CROSS, 

 First Class Diplomee National Training 

 School of Cookery. 



