﻿172 
  History 
  of 
  Durham. 
  

  

  next 
  opposite 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  the 
  space 
  between 
  those 
  in 
  the 
  

   first, 
  and 
  so 
  on, 
  in 
  quincunx 
  order. 
  

  

  TOBACCO 
  FERTILIZERS. 
  

  

  Both 
  commercial 
  fertilizers 
  and 
  home-made 
  manures 
  are 
  

   used 
  : 
  of 
  the 
  former, 
  special 
  tobacco 
  fertilizers 
  and 
  Peruvian 
  

   guano; 
  of 
  the 
  latter, 
  chiefly 
  stable 
  manure. 
  Stable 
  manure 
  

   is 
  used 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  numerous 
  commercial 
  fertilizers; 
  

   guano, 
  superphosphates, 
  and 
  special 
  compounds 
  prepared 
  

   for 
  tobacco. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  eastern 
  tobacco 
  counties 
  no 
  attempt 
  is 
  made 
  to 
  

   raise 
  tobacco 
  without 
  fertilizers 
  and 
  manures; 
  in 
  the 
  west- 
  

   ern 
  counties 
  planters 
  are 
  farming 
  a 
  virgin 
  soil 
  and 
  using 
  

   very 
  little 
  manure; 
  and 
  the 
  policy 
  of 
  clearing 
  new 
  to 
  re- 
  

   place 
  old 
  lands 
  promises 
  to 
  go 
  on 
  until 
  it 
  has 
  wrought 
  the 
  

   ruin 
  it 
  has 
  elsewhere. 
  It 
  is 
  generally 
  agreed 
  that 
  upon 
  most 
  

   lands 
  in 
  the 
  west 
  two 
  crops 
  can 
  be 
  raised 
  without 
  manure, 
  

   and 
  this 
  is 
  generally 
  the 
  limit. 
  

  

  The 
  use 
  of 
  fertilizers 
  is 
  said 
  to 
  yellow 
  the 
  crop 
  in 
  the 
  hill 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  to 
  increase 
  the 
  yield, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  applied 
  broad- 
  

   cast 
  in 
  the 
  hill 
  and 
  in 
  drills. 
  The 
  practice 
  of 
  placing 
  them 
  

   in 
  the 
  drills 
  possesses 
  advantages 
  every 
  way. 
  The 
  most 
  

   approved 
  method 
  is 
  to 
  apply 
  stable 
  manure 
  in 
  the 
  winter. 
  

   A 
  furrow 
  is 
  opened, 
  in 
  which 
  it 
  is 
  placed, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  

   character 
  of 
  the 
  soil, 
  and 
  a 
  furrow 
  is 
  thrown 
  over 
  it. 
  In 
  

   the 
  spring 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  this 
  is 
  divided 
  with 
  a 
  bull-tongue 
  

   or 
  shovel-plow, 
  and 
  the 
  commercial 
  fertilizer 
  is 
  placed 
  in 
  

   the 
  new 
  furrow 
  with 
  the 
  stable 
  manure, 
  a 
  bed 
  being 
  thrown 
  

   over 
  this 
  by 
  three 
  or 
  four 
  furrows 
  with 
  a 
  turning-plow. 
  

   In 
  this 
  way 
  the 
  soil 
  of 
  the 
  bed 
  becomes 
  thoroughly 
  per- 
  

   meated 
  by 
  the 
  fertilizer 
  and 
  manure, 
  and 
  upon 
  this 
  bed 
  the 
  

   hills 
  are 
  made 
  at 
  the 
  proper 
  time, 
  the 
  object 
  being 
  to 
  place 
  

   both 
  the 
  manure 
  and 
  the 
  fertilizer 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  plant 
  will 
  

   receive 
  the 
  stimulus 
  from 
  the 
  very 
  start. 
  Both 
  commercial 
  

   fertilizers 
  and 
  barn-yard 
  manures 
  are 
  applied 
  according 
  to 
  

   the 
  soil, 
  and 
  this 
  must 
  be 
  done, 
  after 
  long 
  experience, 
  with 
  

   great 
  care 
  and 
  judgment. 
  Too 
  much 
  will 
  injure 
  the 
  qual- 
  

   ity 
  and 
  the 
  texture 
  or 
  may 
  cause 
  firing 
  ; 
  too 
  little 
  may 
  leave 
  

   the 
  plant 
  small, 
  lean, 
  and 
  poor; 
  the 
  object 
  being 
  to 
  use 
  

   enough 
  to 
  make 
  eight 
  or 
  ten 
  plants 
  yield 
  a 
  pound 
  of 
  fine 
  

   tobacco 
  when 
  cured. 
  Quantities 
  applied 
  are 
  variously 
  re- 
  

   ported, 
  as 
  from 
  50 
  to 
  500 
  pounds 
  per 
  acre, 
  and 
  when 
  no 
  

  

  