﻿Tobacco 
  Interests 
  op 
  North 
  Carolina. 
  205 
  

  

  and 
  reports 
  concur 
  in 
  the 
  opinion 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  caused 
  b}' 
  violent 
  

   changes 
  from 
  one 
  extreme 
  to 
  the 
  other. 
  A 
  plethoric 
  plant 
  

   with 
  the 
  supph' 
  of 
  moisture 
  suddenly 
  cut 
  off, 
  and 
  a 
  lean 
  

   plant 
  forced 
  by 
  excessive 
  moisture 
  to 
  rank 
  growth 
  — 
  a 
  leaf 
  

   perishing 
  in 
  spots 
  for 
  lack 
  of 
  sustenance, 
  and 
  another 
  from 
  

   the 
  opposite 
  cause 
  — 
  present 
  variable 
  conditions, 
  developing 
  

   " 
  rast" 
  or 
  "fire." 
  This 
  disease 
  is 
  not 
  so 
  prevalent 
  in 
  some 
  

   districts 
  as 
  formerly, 
  which 
  is 
  attributed 
  by 
  some 
  planters 
  

   to 
  the 
  substitution 
  of 
  new 
  for 
  old 
  varieties 
  ; 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  more 
  

   probably 
  due 
  to 
  planting 
  upon 
  a 
  different 
  character 
  of 
  soil, 
  

   or 
  to 
  more 
  thorough 
  drainage 
  and 
  improved 
  culture. 
  Some- 
  

   times, 
  though 
  rarely, 
  the 
  entire 
  plant 
  is 
  involved, 
  drooping 
  

   and 
  witlicring 
  through 
  excessive 
  humidity. 
  Tliis 
  is 
  the 
  

   " 
  black 
  fire," 
  a 
  strictly 
  wet-weather 
  disease. 
  In 
  dry 
  weather 
  

   the 
  plant 
  sometime 
  parches 
  up, 
  as 
  if 
  scorched. 
  In 
  uniform, 
  

   ordinary 
  seasons 
  it 
  does 
  not 
  appear. 
  Injudicious 
  use 
  of 
  

   heating 
  manures 
  is 
  assigned 
  as 
  sometimes 
  tiie 
  cause 
  of 
  

   firing, 
  and 
  undoubtedly 
  does 
  occasionall}' 
  produce 
  ''red" 
  

   or 
  dry-weather 
  firing. 
  Thorough 
  drainage 
  is 
  regarded 
  as 
  

   the 
  best 
  preventive 
  of 
  this 
  and 
  its 
  kindred 
  diseases. 
  

  

  "Frenching," 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  French 
  friser 
  (to 
  curl), 
  oc- 
  

   cursalmostexclusivelyuponcoldjStiff 
  uplands.havingaclose 
  

   and 
  stiff 
  clay 
  subsoil. 
  During 
  a 
  wet 
  season 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  prev- 
  

   alent 
  upon 
  clayey 
  lands, 
  and 
  is 
  sometimes 
  found 
  upon 
  sandy 
  

   soils 
  in 
  small 
  basins 
  during 
  excessivel}' 
  rainy 
  weather. 
  

   This 
  disease 
  renders 
  the 
  plant 
  worthless 
  when 
  it 
  has 
  pro- 
  

   gressed 
  to 
  any 
  considerable 
  extent. 
  The 
  effects 
  are 
  first 
  

   seen 
  in 
  the 
  buds 
  of 
  the 
  plant, 
  which 
  become 
  of 
  a 
  yellow 
  

   color. 
  The 
  leaves 
  afterward 
  become 
  thick 
  and 
  flesh}', 
  have 
  a 
  

   semi-transj)arent 
  or 
  honey-colored 
  appearance, 
  and 
  often 
  

   curl 
  around 
  the 
  edges 
  downward, 
  sometimes 
  growing 
  in 
  

   long, 
  narrow 
  strips, 
  with 
  ragged 
  outlines. 
  When 
  cured, 
  

   the 
  leaves 
  are 
  dull 
  and 
  lifeless 
  in 
  color, 
  and 
  very 
  brittle. 
  

   No 
  remedy 
  for 
  the 
  disease 
  has 
  been 
  found. 
  It 
  is 
  sometimes 
  

   arrested 
  b}^ 
  close 
  plowing, 
  or 
  by 
  giving 
  the 
  plant 
  a 
  vigor- 
  

   ous 
  pull, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  break 
  the 
  tap 
  root, 
  but 
  the 
  only 
  preven- 
  

   tive 
  measure 
  is 
  to 
  avoid 
  planting 
  upon 
  a 
  soil 
  not 
  properly 
  

   underdrained, 
  either 
  naturally 
  or 
  artificially. 
  

  

  "Walloon," 
  or 
  " 
  water-loon," 
  is 
  of 
  very 
  common 
  occur- 
  

   rence, 
  and 
  is 
  closely 
  akin 
  to 
  "frenching." 
  The 
  leaves, 
  in- 
  

   stead 
  of 
  curving 
  over 
  in 
  graceful 
  outlines, 
  stick 
  up 
  like 
  a 
  

   fox's 
  ears, 
  whence 
  the 
  disease 
  is 
  known 
  in 
  some 
  sections 
  of 
  

   the 
  country 
  as 
  " 
  fox-ears." 
  When 
  tobacco 
  is 
  thus 
  attacked, 
  

  

  