﻿220 
  History 
  of 
  Durham. 
  

  

  neighborhoods, 
  and 
  afterward 
  from 
  State 
  to 
  State, 
  until 
  it 
  

   has 
  extended 
  over 
  a 
  wide 
  area 
  of 
  the 
  tobacco 
  belt. 
  

  

  Meanwhile 
  improvements 
  were 
  made 
  upon 
  flues, 
  mainly 
  

   since 
  1865, 
  which 
  justified 
  their 
  substitution 
  for 
  charcoal 
  

   open 
  fires 
  in 
  the 
  yellow 
  tobacco 
  belt 
  of 
  Virginia 
  and 
  North 
  

   Carolina. 
  Charcoal 
  is 
  now 
  but 
  little 
  used. 
  Flues 
  are 
  con- 
  

   structed 
  either 
  of 
  brick, 
  stone, 
  or 
  mud 
  walls, 
  or 
  by 
  digging 
  

   ditches 
  in 
  the 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  barn, 
  and 
  some 
  are 
  wholly 
  of 
  iron, 
  

   furnaces 
  and 
  pipes, 
  and 
  these 
  are 
  generally 
  patented. 
  

  

  A 
  number 
  of 
  patent 
  flues 
  are 
  used, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  greatly 
  

   economize 
  fuel 
  and 
  perform 
  admirably, 
  and 
  where 
  the 
  sav- 
  

   ing 
  of 
  fuel 
  is 
  an 
  object 
  they 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  preferred. 
  

  

  A 
  cheap 
  flue 
  is 
  constructed 
  by 
  cutting 
  ditches 
  in 
  the 
  floor 
  

   of 
  the 
  barn 
  from 
  15 
  to 
  18 
  inches 
  wide 
  and 
  as 
  deep 
  as 
  nec- 
  

   essary 
  and 
  covering 
  them 
  with 
  sheet-iron, 
  as 
  recommended 
  

   for 
  the 
  stone 
  or 
  brick 
  flue. 
  A 
  better 
  one 
  is 
  made 
  of 
  mud 
  

   walls, 
  covered 
  with 
  sheet 
  iron. 
  The 
  mud 
  walls 
  are 
  built 
  by 
  

   placing 
  two 
  wide 
  boards 
  from 
  12 
  to 
  14 
  inches 
  apart 
  and 
  

   packing 
  moist 
  clay 
  between 
  them, 
  beating 
  it 
  down 
  hard, 
  in 
  

   position 
  and 
  arrangement 
  similar 
  to 
  the 
  walls 
  of 
  stone, 
  and 
  

   covering 
  with 
  sheet-iron. 
  Upon 
  firing 
  the 
  flues 
  the 
  boards 
  

   are 
  burned 
  away 
  and 
  the 
  dirt 
  walls 
  are 
  hardened. 
  If 
  the 
  

   clay 
  is 
  of 
  proper 
  quality, 
  such 
  as 
  is 
  fit 
  for 
  making 
  tolerably 
  

   good 
  bricks, 
  these 
  walls 
  will 
  last 
  a 
  long 
  time. 
  It 
  is 
  necessary 
  

   with 
  the 
  ditch 
  or 
  mud-wall 
  flue 
  to 
  attach 
  furnaces 
  of 
  stone, 
  

   brick, 
  or 
  iron. 
  

  

  QUALITY 
  OP 
  TOBACCO 
  IN 
  VIRGINIA. 
  

  

  There 
  are 
  five 
  distinct 
  qualities 
  of 
  tobacco 
  produced 
  in 
  

   Virginia, 
  viz: 
  Dark 
  Shipping, 
  Red 
  and 
  Colored 
  Shipping, 
  

   Sun 
  and 
  Air-cured 
  Fillers, 
  Bright 
  Yellow 
  Wrappers, 
  

   Smokers 
  and 
  Fillers, 
  and 
  Orange 
  and 
  Mahogany 
  Flue-cured 
  

   Manufacturing. 
  These 
  are 
  severally 
  characterized 
  by 
  pecu- 
  

   liarities 
  of 
  color, 
  quality, 
  body, 
  and 
  flavor, 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  soil 
  

   influence 
  and 
  variety, 
  modified 
  by 
  curing 
  and 
  management. 
  

  

  Dark 
  Shipping. 
  — 
  Of 
  this 
  there 
  are 
  four 
  grades 
  of 
  leaf 
  and 
  

   two 
  of 
  lugs, 
  classed 
  as 
  follows: 
  1. 
  Dark, 
  rich 
  waxy 
  leaf, 
  

   English 
  ; 
  2. 
  Nutmeg 
  and 
  mahogany 
  leaf, 
  English 
  and 
  Con- 
  

   tinental 
  : 
  3. 
  Dark 
  red 
  leaf, 
  English 
  and 
  Continental; 
  4. 
  

   Dull 
  red 
  leaf; 
  5. 
  Long 
  lugs; 
  6. 
  Short 
  lugs. 
  

  

  Dark 
  Shipping 
  tobacco 
  is 
  generally 
  raised 
  on 
  rich 
  lots, 
  

   and 
  is 
  cured 
  with 
  open 
  wood 
  fires. 
  The 
  English, 
  French, 
  

  

  