18 



KNOWLEDGE • 



[June 9, 1882. 



copy their defects, and liave notliing in common with them 

 but the worst of their defects. 



But if we feel contempt for the paltry aflectation of 

 the old style, with what feelings must we regard the mad 

 new style, the Noctin-nes in Blue and Silver, the Harmonies 

 in Flesh-colour and Pink, the Notes in Blue and Opal ! 

 We are shown a sooty-faced, ill-shaped creature, with linil)S 

 entirely out of proportion (do look at that left arm !), on 

 a dirtv-black background, with smears of vermilion on 

 necklace, lips, and hat, and we are told it is — not a 

 Horror in Soot and Ochre, as our eyes tell us — but 

 (forsooth) a Harmony in Black and Red ! A dark bluish 

 surface, with white dots on it, and the faintest adumbra- 

 tions of shape under the darkness, is gravely called a Noc- 

 turne in Black and Gold. A few smears of colour, such as 

 a painter might make in cleaning his paint-brushes, and 

 which neither near at hand nor far oil', neither from one side, 

 nor from tlie other, nor from in front, do more than vaguely 

 suggest a shore and l>ay, is described as a " Note in Blue 

 and Browni," and purports to present that well-known 

 and lovely spot, St. Brelade's Bay. Criticism is power- 

 less here, because one wlio found these pictures other 

 than insults to his artistic sense, could never be reached 

 by reasoning. We are not sure but that it would be 

 something like an insult to our readers to say more 

 about these " things." They must surely be meant in jest ; 

 but whether the public have chiefly to tliank Mr. Wliistler, 

 or the managers of the Grosvenor Gallery, for playing oft' 

 on them this sorrj- joke, we do not know, nor greatly care. 



Meliora canamus .' 



{To he continued.) 



ENGLISH SEASIDE HEALTH-RESORTS. 



By Alfred H.wilaxd. 

 CLASSIFICATION. 



BEFORE describing the seaside towns usually resorted 

 to for liealth or change, either singly or in groups, it 

 is necessary that they should be classified in such a manner 

 as to assist the reader in forming a correct idea of their 

 general and social climatic difi'erences ; for, when this part 

 of the subject is clearly understood, health-seekers and 

 their advisers will be less likely to err in the too-frequent 

 direction of expecting from certain health-resorts what 

 Nature has never given them to bestow, and will be more 

 likely to find what they want, when, after first a-scertaining 

 what their bodily conditions absolutely require, and what, 

 from their hereditary tendencies or other peculiai-ities of 

 con-stitution, must be carefully avoided, they study each 

 group and each member of it, with all the knowledge they 

 I>os,sess of its characteristic climatic properties, and, after 

 doing so, select such a resort as will fulfil their health- 

 requirements,' without evoking latent tendencies to disease 

 — a most important point to be considered, although one 

 unfortunately too frequently neglected. 



Health-resorta must be studied — I. As to latitudinal and 

 longitudinal position ; for the English coast, including that 

 of Wales, is between C° 1' 4.'»" degrees of the former, and 

 7^ 1 r .0.5" of the latter, and thus stretches over an area 

 including a remarkaVjle variety of climatic factors. As re- 

 gards latitude, the most southerly point is the Lizard Head, 

 in the district of Helston, Cornwall, 49^ .'JG' .'J.5" lat. N. ; 

 the most northerly, Berwick-upon-Tweed, in Northumber- 

 land, 5.0'' 38' 20" lat N. As to longitude, the most easterly 

 point is Lowestoft, in the district of Mutford, Suffolk, 

 1'' 31' 25" long. R ; and the most westerly, the Land's 



End, in the district of Penzance, Cornwall, 5' 40' 30" 

 long. W. 



II. As to their position on the seaboard ; whether they 

 enjoy the warm moist air from the Gulf Stream, the bracing 

 air of the North Sea, or an atmosphere brought by the 

 winds after it has lost its sea character by passing over 

 thousands of square miles of continent. 



III. As to their site on the coast ; whether they are 

 elevated on precipitous clift's, having a protective influence, 

 or on low-lying, flat shores, over which the winds find no 

 resistance ; or in deep \alleys facing the sea, where the- 

 natural force of the wind is increased, like that of the tidal 

 wave, inl^funnel-shapcd estuaries ; as to the heights behind 

 them, whether, although they may be protected by them 

 from some winds, these heights do not act injuriously, on 

 the whole, by preventing due air flushings when the winds 

 from the sea are only moderate in force, especially in the 

 case of large towns where there is much smoke. 



IV. As to the depth or shallowness of the sea ; whether 

 the beach ofters opportunities for exercise and recreation, 

 or whether at low tide there is a wide expanse of mud 

 exposed. 



V. As to their exposure to or protection from certain 

 prevailing winds, and whether their street arrangement is 

 such as to afford the health-seeker opportunities of availing 

 himself of natural advantages. 



VI. As to the prevalence or scarcity of certain diseases 

 in the resorts themselves and in the neighbouring districts, 

 and as to the zymotic death-rate. 



VII. As to the geology and physical geography of the 

 site and its neighbourhood. 



VIII. And, as far as practicable, as to the temperature, 



its monthly mean, daily range, its mean monthly maximum, j 

 minimum, and range, the rainfall, and, wherever it can be 

 ascertained, the temperature of the sea. 



The above is an outline ;of what we hope to present to- 

 our readers, and we need hardly say that we shall be 

 grateful to all who will kindly assist us with reliable in- 

 formation on the above or any other points of interest 

 connected with the seaside health-resorts of England. We 

 will now give a list, under our first heading, of some of 

 the resorts which will more or less command our attention 

 in future papers. 



I. Latitudinal Position. On the East Coast. — 

 Between .Ol" and .02° N., Deal, Ramsgate, Margate, 

 Heme Bay, and Southend. Between trl° and .03° N., 

 Lowestoft, Great Yarmouth, Cromer and Huntstanton. 

 Between .03° and 54°, Great Grimsby. P>ctween 54° and 

 55° N., Bridlington, Filey, Scarborough, Whitby, Redcar. 

 On the West Coast. — Between 50° and 51° N., Sennan 

 (Land's End), St. Ives. Between 51° and 52° N., Ilfra- 

 combe, Burnham, Weston-super-Mare, Clevedon, and Tenliy. 

 Between 52° and 5.3° N., Aberystwith and Bournemouth. 

 Between 53° and 54° N., Beaumaris, Bangor, Penmaenmawr, 

 Llandudno, Rhyl, New Brighton, Southport, and Black- 

 pool ; and between 54° and 55° N., Morecombe Bay. On the 

 South Coast. — Between 51° and 52° N., Dover, Folkestone, 

 and Ilythe ; and between 50° and 51° N., Hastings, and 

 St. Leonard.s, Ea.stbourne, Seaford, Brighton, Worthing, I 

 Littlchampton, Bognor, Isle of Wight, I'.ournemouth, I 

 Weymouth, Lyme Regis, Exmoutli, Dawlish, Teignmouth, \ 

 Torquay, Dartmouth, Penzance, and the Lizard. 



The reader will kindly correct the followiiif; errata in the first 

 paper, p. 3, col. II. For " Hcasonably," read " seasonally " ; after 

 " distribntcd " insert "in"; for " toach," read "teaches"; and I 



" before such places " omit " that." I 



The " Christian Commonwealth " has been permanently enlarged 

 from 16 to 24 pp. 



