Juke 1G, 1882.] 



KNOAVLEDGE 



47 



this hypothesis! unfairly in setting the antecedent odds in its favour 

 at only a billion to one. 



It would be easy to multiply examples of tlio application of the 

 important general rule above stated; but what 8p.ic-e is still avail- 

 able must be devoted to certain general considerations, to be care- 

 fully borne in mind by those who discuss the probabilities of 

 different hypotheses. 



{To ie continued.) 



A correspondent asks us how in Problem 33, p. 632, the point F 

 can be determined so that the proposition — 



GA : AF : : HF : AH 

 shall hold, GAand All only being known. This is so readily done that 

 it had not seemed worth while to indicate the method. Thus, from 



U, the bisection of AH, di-aw MK pcrp. to AH, and equal to side of 

 square equal to GA.AH. Join AK, and describe about A, as centre, 

 tho circular arc MN. Then if HF be taken equal to MK, F is the 

 point required. For if KA produced meet the circle NM in N', we 

 have NN' = AH ; and, therefore, — 



HF.FA-NK.K\' = sq. on MK = GA.AH 

 .-. GA : AF : : HF : AH 



^r WiWt Column. 



By " Five of Clubs." 



WE now give the method of play for the illastrative hand in 

 No. 30. The young Whist player will carefully note that 

 tho lino on which Y and Z jilay in order to save and win the game 

 is not that which should be followed if tho score wero love all, and 

 honours not all with A B. For, tho position of the cards which 

 causes T Z to save tho game by departing from rnle, and leading 

 from weak suitS; is antecedently improbable. 1' Z play as they do, 

 because it is their only chance. Had tho Knave of Trumps been 

 cither with Y or Z, falling (irtt or second round to a higher honour, 

 Y'b proper course would have been to play out his King and Ace 

 of Clubs, then the Knave which ^'s Queen would have taken ; and 

 whatever A led the game would be saved by Y Z. We note also 

 that the play of tho hands is given here in accordance with Clay's 

 suggestions; according to tho present sjstcm of discarding (to 

 which Clay later gave in his adherence), Z instead of discarding a 

 Club at round 3, would have discarded a Heart, thereby showing 

 Y that Hearts wero his beet suit : — 



A. 

 Spades— Q, Kn, 



3,2. 

 Hearts— 5, 3. 

 Clubs— Q, 9, 8, 3. 

 Diamonds — 9. 



Spades — A, K, C. 

 Hearts— K, Kn, 2, i. 

 Clubs— 5, 2. 

 Diamonds — K, Kn, 3, 



The Ha 



Score :— 



A, B,-=0. 

 1', /, = ■». 



r. 



Spades— S, 7. 

 Hearts— 9, 7, 6. 

 Clubs— A, K, Kn, 10. 

 Diamonds— 10, 7, G, 5. 



Spades— 9, 5. 

 Hearts— A, Q, 10, 8. 

 Clubs— 7, G, l. 

 Diamonds— A, Q, 8, i. 



Towd'b Rxtbaot is » certAin cnre for RhpumntiRm uid Qout. 

 Pond's Kitrnct is a certain euro for nBemorrhaids. 

 Pond's Kxtrsct is a i-prtain cure for Neuralgic pains. 

 Pond's Kitnwt will heal Bams and Wonnds. 

 Pond's Kitract will cure .Siirains and Druiscs. 

 Bold by all Chemists, Get th« 



* t:.t *** 



4. 4>^4> 4> 4> 4> 



TUB PLAY. 



REMARKS AND INFERENCES. 



Z 1. A, of courfe, leads Q of 



Trumps (see leads in former nnm- 

 bers). y, B, and Z can all place Ku 

 and ten in A'b hand, also two, three, 

 and four of Spades from the play. 



2. All the players should know 

 where the remaining Trumps lie. 



3. B not having noticed tho fall 

 of Trumps, only counting tliem, 

 leads Ace to draw another rouud, 

 though r and Z have none, and ho 

 ought to know it. The discards 

 are as Clay gives them. Z's is mado 

 on the old-fashioned piinciplc of 

 discarding from shortest suits. 1' 

 sees, however, that it is better for 

 him to retain tho power of leading 

 (as often as there may be occasion) 

 to his partner. It was from such 

 considerations that the modem 

 principle of discarding from the 

 longest suit when strength in 

 trumps is declared against you, 

 took its origin. 



4. B leads from what he takej 

 to bo r's weakest suit. Hearts and 

 Diamonds being equally strung in 

 his own hand. 



5. If Y leads Clubs— in which 

 suit his partner is weak — the game 

 is obviously lost, for A has three 

 more tricks in Trumps. If Z is 

 not strong in Hearts tho game is 

 lost ; therefore 1' plays as if he 

 know Z to be strong in Hearts. Z 

 finesses deeply. 



6. r continues the Heart lead. 



7. Z leads a Club, and I'Unessea 

 the ten. 



8. Y continnes the Hearts, forc- 

 ing .4, who can only lead Clubs, in 

 which suit i' is secure, and the 

 game is won for 1* Z, I' n\aking 

 three tricks in Clubs. 



PlAVI.VG to TUE CnANTKS.— 

 " When I was a youngster 1 was 

 looking over Clay, and late in tho 

 hand he led Queen, from Queen, 

 Knave, nine, and a small card. 

 This was the old-fashioned lead, 

 but a small catil is now led from 

 Queen, Knave, nine, Ac, 1 after- 

 wards asked Clay whether he con- 

 sidered the old lead, as t;ivcn by 

 Hoyle, prcforublo to the modem 

 one. Ho said, ' No, I generally 

 lead the small one ; bnt when 1 

 had the lead tho canls must lie 

 lucky for us, or we lose tho odil 

 trick.' By this ho meant that 

 unless the King lay to his left, or 

 tho ten to his right, and one of tho 

 finesses succeeded, tho odd trick 

 could not be won. I have won many an odd trick since by acting 

 on a similar principle, and always think of Clnv when it comes off." 

 —Cavendish's " Card-Table Talk." 



Norii'lM.— The First Volume of Knowlepok is now ready, bonnil 

 in rod cloth, gilt lettered. Price 10s. G<1. Vol. I. cont.iina tho 

 numbers from the commencement (Nov. 4, 1881 ) to No. 30 (May 26, 

 1882). A.s there is only a limited number of copies, tho Publishers 

 adviso that orders should bo sent in without delay, to prevent dis- 

 appointment. The Title-page and Index to Volnme I. is also ready, 

 price 2d., post-free 2Jd. Binding Cases for Volume I., price Is. 6H. 

 each. Complete copies bound (including Title, Index, and Case), 

 for 2s. Gd. each. 



