JtJfE 23, 1882.J 



♦ KNOWLEDGE * 





MAG.4Z1NE OF S€1ENCE 



PLAINLY'^ RDED -£XACTl|pESCRIB£D _ | 



LONDON: FRIDAY, JUNE 23, 1882. 



Contents of No. 34. 



LtdiM" Dress So.ielT 49 



Found Links. — Part VIU. Bv 



Dr. A. Wilson F.B.S.E., F.L.S. 



(lUuttrattdt m 



Thoaght-Readine By the Editor ... 51 

 Crystsls. Bv William Jago.F.C.S., 



[llluHrated) 52 



English Seaside Health Resorts. Bv 



Alfred Hariland '.. 53 



The Ejea of Science. By the 



■ Amateurs. By A. 



On some PubUcations of the Chris- 

 tian Knowledge Soi-ietv 5^ 



Reviews : " Story of a Museum "— 



"Curiosities of Vegetation" 57 



Correspondence 59 



Answers to Correspondents «1 



Our Mathematical Column 62 



Our Chess Column Kl 



Our Whist Column Ol 



LADIES' DRESS SOCIETY. 



EVERY one interested in the question of rational dress 

 for women (and which of us — man, woman, or child 

 — is not, directly or indirectly ?) should kno\s- of the 

 Rational Dress Society, the objects of which are : — 



To promote the adoption, according to individual taste 

 and convenience, of a style of dress based upon considera- 

 tions of health, comfort, and beauty, and 



To deprecate constant changes of fashion which cannot 

 be recommended on any of these grounds. 



The society seeks to promote its objects by means of 

 drawing-room meetings, advertisements, circulating pam- 

 phlets, leaflets, A-c, and also by issuing patterns which 

 meet the approval of the committee. An annual sub.'^crip- 

 tion of half-a-croNvn constitutes membership. Jlrs. E. ^M. 

 King, 3-t, Comwall-road, Bayswater, is the honorary 

 secretary of the society, and those interesteil in the objects 

 of the society are requested to write to her. The president 

 of the society is Viscountess Harberton, an important 

 letter from whom appears in our corie.'^pondeiice columns. 



It is impossible to over-estimate the importance to all of 

 us, of this question of rational dress for women (we use 

 the more general and nobler word, for the movement is not 

 intended to be limited to ladies). Men talk about it too 

 frequently as if they were not personally concerned in the 

 matter, yet there is not a man in civilised communities 

 whose own individual health and constitution have not 

 been aflected by the fashions of feminine attire. But if 

 this were not the case, all men arc interested in the well- 

 being of the women of their family, — mother, wife, sisters, 

 daughters. If for unseltish reasons they are not (as they 

 ought to be), there a^e multitudes of selfish reasons wliy 

 they should be interested. What dress reform means 

 to women, we leave women to show. As Jlrs. King 

 well remarks in her little pamphlet on " Rational Dress " 

 (published by Messr-. Kegan Paul it Co., price sixpence), 

 it may be questioned " whether men are tjuite in a position 

 to tilk alx)ut reforming the dress of women, still less to 

 blame tliem for its follies ; for it is chiefly they themselves 

 who have bound this burden upon women's shoulders," 

 WTienever an attempt has been made at rational reform, 

 the sneers and ridicule which have prevented women from 

 accepting the reform ha\e come almost wholly from men. 



''?^^: 

 '^^^J 



They have not contented themselves, as they well might, 

 by ridiculing extravagancies, they have ridiculed the essen- 

 tial principles of rational reform. And it is to be observed 

 that they adopt a manner in ridiculing reforms, quite dif- 

 ferent from that which they employ in laughing at the 

 follies of fashion. The laughter at the.sc amounts almost 

 to encouragement ; the sneers at those are generally a.s 

 coarse and otFensive as they are foolish. 



It is comforting to find that " women reformers have no 

 such feeling of despair as that expressed by men," but, on 

 the contrary, have perfect faith in the remedy they offer. 

 " We know," says Ifrs. King hopefully, " that we are 

 working on the natural lines, and upon true principles, 

 and that these will of themselves achieve the moral, mental, 

 and physical cure we need. We know that we are allied 

 with the rising spirit of the age — that which manifests 

 itself in the growing mental and physical activity of 

 woman. We are ready to accept, appreciate, and profit 

 by the greater generosity of [those] men who encourage 

 and help us to obtain a like advantage with themselves in 

 education : and to join them in their sports and healthy 

 pleasures. "' 



FOUND LIXKS. 



Bv Dr. Andrew Wilson, F.RS.E., F.L.S. 

 PART VIII. 



PASSING now to a very different group of animals^ 

 we find the Tunicati'ii, Asciclian-i, or " Sea Stjuirts " 

 (Fig. 1), to present us with certain highly interesting 

 features for remark. These animals are usually regarded as 

 poor relations of the shell fish or ifot- 

 hi^cs ; and they exist both in a fixed 

 and free state. The fixed "sea squirts" 

 are tolerably common, and are found 

 attached to shells and other objects 

 dredge<l from deep water. Each " sea 

 squirt " is a clear leathery bag, an inch 

 or two in length. Like the old " wine- 

 skin," it has two necks or openings 

 (d, i). One leads into a wide throat 

 or pkarijnx (A), the walls of which 

 are richly ciliated, and which art- 

 perforated by numei-ous openings, 

 whilst the whole throat, like tliat of 

 the lancelet, is richly supplied with 

 bloodvessels. The other opening is 

 a door of exit. It leads from a sac 

 or bag, called the ntriitm, into which 

 the water used in bivathiug is wafted 

 from the throat Thus, when a " sea 

 squirt " breathes, the water is inhaled 

 by the mouth-opening, aerates the 

 blood contained in the vessels of the 

 throat, and is tlicu sent into tlie 

 atrium, whence it is dischargetl into 

 the outtT world. The " s»>a squirt's " 

 stomach (B) opens from the tlircat, 

 and its intestine in turn opens into 

 tlie atrium. A heart (/) exists in t]io 

 shape of a curious tuK', which propels 

 the l)lood for so many l>e«ts in ono 

 direction, and then, reversing its 

 action, sends that lluid for so many 

 pulsations in the opposite direction. 

 A single nervous moss lie.>! l>etween 

 tlic two openings of the body, antl 

 the other wall of the V>ody itself con- 

 sists largely of a material called cfUuloif, which i.'» a 



Fig. 1. Amc,u,ox,,i»m, 

 It Sen-.Squiit. 



(a, I'hnrj-iii, or ri'spi- 

 mtoryportioiiof tlio 

 l>ody ; B, stninach ; 

 c, cgfr-prodiicing or- 

 gan.) 



