3SG 



KNOWLEDGE • 



[Nov. 10, 1883. 



whon shivorinsj in an English first class carriage despite 

 wraps and the aloniination known as a foot-wanner. 



Eighthly, in all cars then' is a retiring room .: in nearly 

 all there is a supply of drinking water ; and in many there 

 arr* convenienct^ for washing, brusliing, and so forth. 



If American trains only consumed their owi smoke, 

 thev would W jK-rfection ;' as it is, there is a very serious 

 dra'wUck to American railway travelling in hot weather. 

 To r«ich your journey s end with collar, cuffs, and shirt- 

 front, whivh had been clean a few hours earlier, reduced 

 to smoke stained, cinder-dust strewni clouts, is not a 

 piMsant experience. The fault is one which might bo 

 ««aily corrected. 



HOW TO GET STRONG. 



(Conlii\ufil from pnje 322). 

 TUE DORSAL MUSCLES. 



IN our lost we mentioned the undue prominence given in 

 this country to exercises which develope the dorsal 

 muscles at the expense of the general development of the 

 chest, and discussed, the mistaken but very prevalent idea 

 that rowing, as an exercise, is specially good for the chest. 



Kig 1. Fro 



<.;fn»|ili of a wcll-kiu 



Fig. 1 is from a photograph (the face altered, however,) 

 of an eminent American oarsman. The weakness of the 

 chest muscles and upper arms of this powerful sculler will 

 be noticed at once ; but this is a much loss serious defect 

 tlian hollow, overhung chest, and epecially the depressions 



(«up, 



I) of tlio I'.'irlh 



over the collar-bones. This configuration of the chest we 

 should be disposed to regard as peculiar — not, indeed, to 

 rowing men as a class, but — to those rowing men who do 

 not correct the unequal effects of their favourite exercise 



We promised then to give some pictures showing, first the 

 effect of much rowing exercise on the configuration of the 

 ch««t, and B»-condly the proper shapf; of the chest when 

 duly developed by the three classes of exercise which are 

 good for it : — Ist, exercises expanding it by acting on the 

 breathing apparatus itw^lf (the most healthful exercise of 

 all) ; 2ndly, those which str'-ngthen and develope the 

 p<-ctoral mujirlcs ; and .3rdly, thosr; strengthening and 

 developing the dorsal muscles. Exercis** of the two latter 

 ordem do not in reality develope the chest at all, except 

 indirectly by their action on th"- bntathing ; they simply 

 '•iilarjfe th*- moscl'-i. which overlie the chest in front and at 

 th«V«ck. 



We wfT<- not able to fulfil our promise so soon as we 

 had int^^dwl, Vi»-cauiie the Comet and the Transit of Venus, 

 and sonif other niatt'-rs which could not l<c put off, inter- 

 fered. Wc do in> now, however, at the first opportunity 

 affonl«-«l. 



Fig. 3. From a Metope (Parllienon). 



by the use of such chest-dovcloping exercises as we have 

 described in former numbers. 



In comparison with Fig. 1 we give throe well-known 

 Greek figures, viz., Fig. 2, the Theseus of the Parthenon 



Motopo (I'lirll 



(as much of it as the unspeakaVjle Turk left after his 

 musketry practice at these noble sculptures), and Figs. 3 

 and 4, showing four chests in the upper halves of two 

 Met^tpes from the same Temple. We would especially call 



