September 1, 1899.] 



KNOWLEDGE 



215 



year, as shown in accompanying diagram. At the most 

 favourable time, on the 5th, he rises something like an hour 

 and three-quarters before the Sun ; about an hour before 



HORIZON 



AT RISrNC 



HORIZON 



EAST ONE HOUR 



BEfOSE SUNRISf 



Diagram to illustrate faTourable conditions for seeing Mercnry as 

 a morning star on September 5tli. The dotted scale represents 

 intervals before sunrise, and tlie horizontal scale shows amplitude 

 north of east. 



sunrise the planet will be some 14° north of east, and 

 between six and seven degrees above the horizon. On the 

 morning of the 3rd he will be at or near the same altitude 

 as the crescent Moon, and only about i^ to the left, a 

 circumstance which may assist in identifying the planet. 



Venus is badly placed for observation. She is a morning 

 star until the 16th, when she will be in superior conjunction 

 with the Sun. 



Mars is an evening star in Virgo, but he sets too soon 

 after the Sun, and is too far away, for useful observation. 



Jupiter is also an evening star, but is too near the Sun 

 and too low to be easily observed. It is only under 

 specially favourable conditions that any of the satellite 

 phenomena can be observed this month. The planet is 

 between Virgo and Libra, in the west, in the early 

 evening. 



Saturn is still in the southern part of Ophiuchus, and 

 may be observed in the early evening low down in the 

 south-west. He will be in eastern quadrature on the 10th. 

 About the middle of the month he sets shortly before 



10 P.M. 



Uranus is not observable. 



Neptune may be picked up in the eastern sky by diligent 

 observers. He is in western quadrature on the 20th, and 

 stationary on the 30th. His path lies in the Milky Way, 

 in the eastern part of Taurus, and the diiBculty of 

 identification is, therefore, considerable, especially as he is 

 near a stationary point. He is about 15m. following, and 

 1° 3' north of C Tauri. 



The Stabs. — About 10 p.m. at the middle of the month, 

 Auriga and Perseus will be in the north-east ; Taurus low 

 down a little north of east ; Aries, Andromeda, and 

 Cassiopeia towards the east ; Pisces a little south of east ; 

 Cetus low down from east to south-east ; Pegasus south- 

 east ; Aquarius and Capricornus nearly south ; Cygnus 

 almost overhead ; Aquila and Lyra nearly south-west ; 

 Hercules in the west ; Corona and Bootis to the north of 

 west ; and Ursa Major nearly due north. 



A conveniently observable minimum of Algol occurs on 

 the 17th at 8.34 p.m. A maximum of Mira Ceti is due in 

 the early part of the month. 



a^t^n Column. 



By C. D. LocooK, b.a. 



Communications for this column should be addressed to 

 C. D. LooooK, Netherfield, Camberley, and should be 

 posted by the 10th of each month. 



1, 



No. 2. 

 (By W. Clugston.) 

 B to Kt7, and mates next move. 



CoRBKCT Solutions of both problems received from 

 Alpha, E. Servante, G. A. Forde (Capt.), W. de P. 

 Crousaz, G. C. (Teddington), A. H. Doubleday, H. S. 

 Brandreth (Cauterets), K. R. B. Fry, K. W., H. Le 

 Jeune, N. M. Munro; J. Baddeley. 



Of No. 1 only, from W. H. Jones (variations incorrect). 



Of No. 2 only, from Charles Savage, F. B. L. (Devon- 

 port), and W. H. Wesley. 



W. H. Jones.— Mter 1. R to QB4ch, K to B6 ; 2. B to 

 QKt7ch, the Black Pawn can interpose. 



G. D. — No qualification is necessary for solving the 

 Chess problems in Knowledge. Those sent by you this 

 month are unfortunately incorrect. In No. 1, 1. K to 

 Q5 is met by 1. ... K to Kt6, not Kt5, in which case 

 there is a mate in two moves by 2. R to R3 as you suggest. 

 Nor will 1. B X P solve No. 2, on account of the subsequent 

 interposition of the Black KP. 



P. G. L. F. — Thanks for the problem ; it appears 

 below. 



Gustav V. Brocket. — We regret that the programme is 

 not intelligible to us. 



PROBLEMS. 

 No. 1. 

 (From Chess Miniatures, by H. Briatow.) 



Blaok (13). 







m — „^^y. 







1^ 



liH^i 







WHrm (1"). 



White mates in two movea. 



