274 



KNOWLEDGE. 



[December 1, 1899. 



seek safety in running and hiding. This fact may have 

 given rise to the notion that the bird always runs and can 

 be hunted with dogs. Except just at the time of the 

 moulting of the old quills and the growing of the new, the 

 great bustard could scarcely be coursed with dogs since it 

 takes to its wings on the slightest alarm, and is capable of 

 powerful and sustained flight. 



On our return route to the river we passed through 

 field after field of rich pasturage containing bulls of every 

 age, all jet-black, of the finest fighting breed in Spain — 

 that of the Marques del Sartillo. 



In concluding these papers on our trip to the Guadal- 

 quiver, I have thought that a list of the birds which we 

 found would be interesting, and perhaps of some value, to 

 the systematist or to the future traveller in the district. 

 Only those birds which we identified beyond all doubt have 

 been inserted, and dates considered as interesting have 

 been added. In noting these dates it must be borne in 

 mind that April 2 was the first date we began collecting, 

 April 4 was the first date in the marismas, and May 19 

 the last. 



The district includes the country within a few miles of 

 the Guadalquiver from Seville to its mouth at San Lucar. 



List of Bibds : Guadalquiver, April and May, 1898. 



Note. — In the folloioing list an asterisk siqnijies that the bird was 

 obtained^ and a dagger that the eggs were found, 



* Tardus musicus, Song TUrusli. — A few seen. Latest date (bii-d^, 



April 11. 

 Tifrdtfs menda, Blackbird. — Not common. 



* Saxicola albicollis, Black-eared Wheatcar. — Local. 



* Pratincola rubetra, Wliincliat. — One pair only AprQ 14. 



* + Pratincola rubicola, Stoueohat. — Abundant. Fresh eggs and 



Hedged young, April 2. 



* Suticilla phoenicurus,^data,Tt. — Very few. Latest date (bird), 



April 30. 

 Ruticilla titys. Black Redstart.— A few. 



* Davlias lascinia, Nightingale. — Very common. Earliest date 



(bird), April 2. 



* Sylnia cinerea, Whilethroat. — Common. Earliest date (bird), 



April 2. 



* Sylvia atricapilla. Blackcap. — Common. 



* Sylvia horiensis,GaTienyf nrhler. — A few. Earliest dale (bird), 



April 11. 



* Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Wood Warbler. —One only April 29. 



* Phylloscopus irochylus. Willow Warbler. — Fairly common. 



* Sylvia subalpina, Suhalpine Warbler. — Fairly common. 



* Ae'don galactodes, Ridou» Warbler. — Fairly common. Earliest 



date (bird), May 5. 

 Aorocephalus streperus, Eeed Warbler. — One only seen and 

 two nests found. May 21. 



• f Acrocephalus turdoides, Great Reed Warbler. — Abundant. 



Earliest dates — (bird), April 4 ; (eggs), May 18. 



* Acrocephalus aquaticus, Aquatic Warbler. — One only April 13, 

 Cisticola cnrsitans, Fantail Warbler. — A few seen. 



Parus major, Great Tit. — A few seen, 



Parus cristatus, Crested Tit. — Two seen, April IC. 



* Moticillaflava, Blue-headed Wagtail. — Abundant. 



* Anthus campestris, Tawny Pipit. — Small flocks, April 30 and May 1. 



* Oriolus galbiila. Golden Oriole. — Not common. Earliest date 



(bird), April 16. 



* t Lanius meridional is. Southern Grey Shrike. — Local. Nestlings 



and fresh eg^s, April 2. 



• f Lanius pomeranus, Woodcliat. ■ — Abundant. Earliest dates — 



(bird), April 2 ; (eggs), May 11. 

 Muscicapa grisola, Spotted Flycatcher. — Abundant. Earliest 

 date (bird), May 2. 



* Muscicapa atricapilla. Pied Flycatcher. — Abundant. Earliest 



date (bird), April 11, latest date (bird), May 5. 

 Sirundo rustica, Swallow. — Abundant. 

 Chelidon urbica. House Martin. — Abundant. 

 Cotile riparia, Sand Martin. — A few. 

 Ligurinus chloris, Greenfinch. — A few. 

 Carduelis elegans. Goldfinch. —Abundant. 

 Passer domesiicus. House Sparrow. — Abundant in villages. 

 Fringilla ccelebs, Chaffinch. — A few. 



* Mmberiza miliarii. Corn Bunting, — Abundant in cultivated 



districts. 



* lEmberiia hortulana, Ortolan Bunting. — One only April 30. 



* t Sturnus iinicolor, Sardinian Starling. — Fairly common. Fresh 



eggs, April 28. 



* t Pica rKstica, Magpie. — Common locally. Earliest date (eggs), 



April 26. 



* t Cyanopica cooii, Spanish Magpie. — Abvindant locally. Earliest 



date (eggs), May 11. 

 "^ t Corvus monedula. Jackdaw. —Common locally. Earliest date 

 (eggs), April 22. 

 t Corvus cora.v. Raven. — Fairly common. New and empty nest, 

 April 11 ; fresh eggs, April 26 ; incubated eggs, May ll. 



* Galerita cristata, Crested Lark. — Abundant in cultivated dis- 



tricts. 



* Alauda arvensis. Sky Lark.— One only April 8. 



* Alauda arborea. Wood Lark,— Two only -ipril 16. 



* Calandrelhi brachydactyla, Short-toed Lark. — A few. 



* t Calandrella bcetira, Andalucian Short-toed Lark. — Abundant in 



marismas. Earliest date (eggs), April 4. 



* t Melanocorypha calandra, Calandra Lark. — Abundant. Earliest 



date (eggs), April 4. 

 Cypselns apus, Swift. — Abundant. Large migration. May 6. 

 Cypselus melba, Alpine Swift. — Many seen April 2. 



* Caprimulgus ruJicolHs, Red-necked Nightjar. — Common. 



Earliest date (bird), May 3. 



* Jyn.r torqnilla, Wryneck. — One only April 15. 



* Gecinus sharpii, Spanish Green Woodpecker. — Common locally. 



* Coracias garruhts. Roller. — Common. 



* Merops apiaster, Bee-eater. — Abundant. Earliest date (bii'd), 



April 5. 



* Upupa epops. Hoopoe. — Common. 



* Cmch/«s ca»or««, Cuckoo. — Fairly common. 

 Coccystes glandarius. Great Spotted Cuckoo. — Local. 



* Strijc flammea. Barn Owl. — One only. 



* Athene noctua, Little Owl, — Common. 

 Gyps fulvus. Griffon Vulture. — Common. 

 Vultur monachns, Black Vulture. — Rare. 



* Neophron percnopterus, Egyptian Vulture. — Common. 



* t Circus aeruginosas, 'M.a.TBh Harrier. — Fairly Common. Earliest 



date (eggs). April 5. 



* t Circus cineraceus, Montagu's Harrier. — Abundant. Earhest 



dates — (bird), April 5 ; (eggs). May 13. 



* •(■ Aqmla adalberti, Spanish Imperial Eagle. — A few. 



Circaetas galllcus, Serpent Eagle — Fairly common. 



* t Milvus ictinus. Kite. — Very common. Young in down, April 16. 



* t Milvus migrans, Black Kite. — Abundant. Earhest date (eggs), 



April 22. 



* Falco peregrinus, Pcrcgi'ine. — Two only, April 9 and 23. 



* t Falco tinnunculus. Kestrel. — Common. 



* t Falco cenchris. Lesser Kestrel. — Common. Fresh eggs. May 21. 



* Ardea cinerea, Common Heron. — A few. Latest date (bird), 



April 13. 



* t Ardea purpurea. Purple Heron. — Abundant. Fi-esh eggs, April 



5 and 23. 



* Ardea garzMa, Little Egret. — Common locally. 



* Ardea bubulcus. Buff-backed Heron. —Very common. 



* Ardea ralloides, Squacco Heron. — A few. 



* •)• Ardetta minuta. Little Bittern. — A few. Earliest date (eggs), 



May 21. 

 + Ciconia alba, White Stork. — Abundant. 



* Plegadis falcinellus. Glossy Ibis. — Common locally. 



* Platalea leucorodia. Spoonbill. — Fairly Common. 



* Phrenicopterus roseus, Flamingo. — Abimdant. 



* t Anas boscas, Mallard. — Common. 



* Anas strepera, Gadwall. — A few. One shot April 30. 



* Xe/iion crecca, Teal.— A few. One shot April 6. 



* Mareca penelope,'WigeoT). — A few. 



* t Anas angustiroitris, Slarblod Duck. — Very common. Earliest 



date (eggs), May 18. 



* Columba palumbus. Ring-dove. — Common. 



* Turtur communis. Turtle-dove. — -Very abundant. Earliest date 



(bird), April 23. 

 Caccabis ruf<t, Red-legged Partridge. — Common. 

 Pterocles alchata. Pin-tailed Sandsjrouse. — Local. 

 Pterocles arenarius, Black-bellied Sandgrousc. — Local. 



* Ralliis aquaticus. Water-vail. — A few. 



* Galliiiula chloropus. Water-hen. — A few. 



* t Fulica atra, Coot — Abundant. 



* Otis tardi. Great Bustard. — Common. 



* Otis tetra.v. Little Bustard. — A few. 



* f Oedicnemus scolopa.v. Stone-curlew. — Common. 



* -j- Glareola pratincola. Pratincole. - - Very abundant. Earliest 



dates — (bird), Aprd 7 ; (eggs), May 17. 



* Aegialitis hiaticula. Ringed Plover. — Very common Seen on 



last day in marismas (May 19.) 



