July 1, 1898.] 



KNOW I- EDGE 



139 



THE FACE OF THE SKY FOR JULY. 



By Herbert Sadler, F.R.A.S. 



SUN SPOTS are still very prevalent. There is no 

 real night till after the 20th of July, but eitlier 

 daylight or twilight. A maximum of the beautiful 

 red variable star, R Leonis, occurs on July 4th. 

 Mercury is an evening star, and sets on the 1st 

 at Oh. 43m. p.m., or Ih. '2Gm. after the Sun, with a 

 northern declination of 20° 23', and an apparent diameter 

 of ('>l", i^Jjjths of the disc being illuminated. On the 5th 

 he sets at 9h. 36m. p.m., or Ih. 20m. after sunset, with a 

 northern declination of 19° 2', and an apparent diameter 

 of 7^', Trffft'^s of *li6 disc being illuminated. On the 10th 

 he sets at 9h. 23m. p.m., or Ih. 9m. after sunset, with a 

 northern declination of 10° G', and an apparent diameter 

 of 8", yVotlis of the disc being illuminated. He is at his 

 greatest elongation (26F) on the 12th. On the 15th he 

 sets at 9h. 7m. p.m., or 58m. after the Sun, with a northern 

 declination of 13° 49', and an apparent diameter of 

 8i-," fiMjti's of the disc being illuminated. After this he 

 approaches the Sun too closely to be observed. While visible 

 he describes a direct path through part of Cancer into Leo. 



Venus is an evening star, and sets on the 1st at 

 9h. 20m. P.M., or Ih. 3m. after the Sun, with a northern 

 declination of 22° 15', and an apparent diameter of o0:|^", 

 i"g^j;ths of the disc being illuminated. On the 15th she 

 sets at 9h. 13m. p.m., or Ih. 4m. after the Sun, with a 

 northern declination of 18° 20', and an apparent diameter 

 of 10^", xVo*^^ of ^^6 disc being illuminated. On the 

 31st she sets at 8h. 49m. p.m., or Ih. 2m. after the Sun, 

 with a northern declination of 11° 54', and an apparent 

 diameter of 11", y''oths of the disc being illuminated. She 

 is in conjunction with Mars at 2 p.m. on the 9th, Venus 

 being 18' to the north. She describes a direct path from 

 Gemini across Cancer into Leo. 



Both Mars and Neptune are, for the observer's purposes, 

 invisible, and as Jupiter does not rise till llh. 18m. p.m. 

 on the last day of the month we defer an ephemeris of 

 him till August. 



Saturn is an evening star, but should be looked for as 

 soon after sunset as possible. He sets on the 1st at 

 llh. 50in. P.M., with a southern declination of 0° 20', and 

 an apparent equatorial diameter of 17 " (the major axis of 

 the ring system being 39" in diameter, and the minor 

 4-3"). On the 15th he sets at lOh. 50m. p.m., with a 

 southern declination of 0° 39', and an apparent equatorial 

 diameter of 16.j" (the major axis of the ring system 

 being 38^" in diameter, and the minor 4^"). On the 

 81st he sets at 9h. 54m. p.m., with a southern declina- 

 tion of 1° 8', and an apparent equatorial diameter of 16" 

 (the major axis of the ring system being 371" in diameter, 

 and the minor 4-7"). He will be occulted by the Moon on 

 the 19th, but the phenomenon will only be visible in the 

 southei-n hemisphere. lapetus is in superior conjunction 

 on the 21st. A map of the path of Saturn during July 

 will be found in the " Face of the Sky " for March. 



Uranus is also an evening star, but, hke Saturn, should 

 be looked for as soon after sunset as possible, as his 

 great southern declination is a bar to observation. He rises 

 on the 1st at 2h. 43m. p.m., with a southern decliuation 

 of 13° 21', and an apparent diameter of 3-7". Uu the 

 30th he sets at lOh. 34m. p.m., with a southern declination 

 of 13° 22'. A map of his path during July will be Jound in 

 the " Face of the Sky " for April. 



Shooting stars are fairly numerous in July, though the 

 twilight interferes with observation. A well-marked 

 shower radiates from near S Aquarii, the maximum being 

 on the 28th. The radiant point is in 22h. 40ra. — 13°. 



The Moon enters her last quarter at lOh. 5m. p.m. on 

 the 6th ; is new at Oh. 47m. p.m. on the 13th ; enters her 

 first quarter at 5h. 2m. p.m. on the 20th, and is full at 

 81i. lOm. P.M. on the 28tli. She is in perigee at midnight 

 on the 11th (distance from the earth 224,130 miles), and 

 in apogee at 2h. a.m. on the 24th (distance from the earth 

 251,640 miles). 



(Eftcss Column. 



By C. D. LooooK, B.A.Oxon. 



All oommunioations for this column should be addressed 

 to the " Chess Editor, Knowled'te Office," and posted before 

 the 10th of each month. 



Solution ofJinic Problem (S. Loyd) : — 

 Key-move, 1. Kt to QKt4. 



If 1. . . . R X P, 2. Kt to Q6ch, &a. 



If 1. ... R to KtSch, 2. KtxR. 



If 1. ... R to Q3, 2. KtxRch. 



If 1. ... R to Ksq, 2. B to Q5ch. 



If 1. . . . Anything else, 2. B to Q5, &c. 



In spite of the hint appended to the diagram last month, 



no correct solutions have been received. Those who have 



sent in 1. Kt (Q5) to Kt6 (why not equally Kt to r.3 or 



i K3 ■?) have overlooked the ingenious defence provided by 



the composer. This defence is not mentioned above, as 



after the correct key-move it loses its merit. Perhaps 



solvers would like to sea-ch for it again. As a direct clue, 



we give the following position (ascribed to Mr. W. 



' Donisthorpe) : — Wliitf : K at KKtsq, B at QRsq, Kt at 



i KB6, P at KR6. Blarl.- : K at KRsq, B at QB3, P at 



KKtO. White mates in five moves. The poiut is that 



there is no mate in four moves, the idea being similar to 



Mr. Loyd's. Solutions will be acknowledged. 



Alpha, H. S. Brandreth, R. B. Cooke, R. Inwards. — 

 Nearly right, but the position is worth looking at again. 



A. E. W. — See solution above. 



A. G. Fellows. — Your third problem arrived just too 

 late to notice last month. You can hardly have examined 

 the position, at least four solutions being easily dis- 

 coverable. 



Solution of Prof. Valle's Problem. 



1. R to QKt4, and mates next move. 

 Correctly solved by Alpha and R. B. Cooke. 

 The near " try," R to QR4, is met by R x QP. 



PROBLEM. 



By G. K. Ansell. 



Black. 



'^ifiiff^ §J^^S$S >i««S^ 



I ^P ^8 ^P 



mtmk 





m "m. M 1 ■ 



^^ 



White. 



White compels Black to mate in two moves. 



