ANATOMICAL NOMENCLATURE. 



127 



nearly circular. This part of the scapus I have termed the cochlear or 



spoon (cch, Fig. 95). I believe (hat the scapus serves as an ovipositor, to 



assist in t*ie direction and arrangement of the eggs as they are extruded. 



It has occurred to me to 



inquire whether there 



exists any relation be- 



tween the peculiar shape 



of tin; scupus and the 



character of the cocoon 



laid by the female, es- 



scp 



Kli;. 96. 



pecially in the position *<* "^- l 



and arrangement of the 

 eggs ; but I have reach- 

 ed I1O generalization O11 F "' "' '" Wl ' r l>art, thtt t '". tn Part next the ground when the iplder ll 



wnlklnif; at, a trio) urn ; cp, ncapUH; cch, the cochlear or upoon of the 

 MllS pOlllt. It IS prob- Hcapuii; po, portuue; gc, genital cleft. Km. 96. Hide view, to ihow the 



VIEWII or EPKIVNIIU AMD PABTH. 



'&* -atr 



able that this organ al- par 



so aids to clasp and direct the palpus of the male, or at least to regulate 



the flow of the sperm, in the act of fertilization. 



In some species, as Epeira labyrinthea, Fig. 96, there is thrown up a 

 sort of wall in front of the scapus and on the anterior margin of the genital 

 cleft, which I have termed the parmula, or simply the parm or buckler 

 (par, Fig. 96). In some species at least, as in Fig. 96, there appears a 

 groove or channel in the median part, indicating that this may also aid in 



directing the eggs during extrusion, or again in 

 guiding the inflow of the sperm. 



Underneath the vulval porch are (usually) 

 two concave openings or little gates, port u he 

 dd spermathecie (po), which receive the sperm from 

 the male palp, whence it flows from 



Oviducts : eac h portula through a duct, aditus 



Sperma- 



the Mpermathectc (ad.sp), sometimes simple, 



sometimes much convoluted, into MM- 

 spermathecffi (s.th). Thence another smaller 

 duct, the oviduct (ovd), admits the sperm to the 

 eggs (ov). The ovary also has an opening into 



with ovariet. (partly diagrammatic) ; tllC portulu;, by which the 6ggS are discharged 



atr, atrlolumjpo.portuuejHcp, .cap- wj)(m cocoori j ng . The CpigynUtn 18 Subject to 

 IM; p, cochlear or upoon; ad. up, adltug _ OJ * 



pennathecie, perm duct ; g.th, per- immense variations in form, and these varia- 



mathecfcb ov the t'truH' ovd oviduct i* i 



tions are nearly constant for every species; 



IM nee they are good specific characters. I have not been able to find in 

 them any fixed generic value, although there is often a noticeable tend- 

 ency to a general likeness of form in any closely related group of species. 1 



Km. 97. View of epigynum in connection 



1 I bexitate somewhat to profK)KC the above anatomical termw, an the field m <>n<- which 

 I have not Hpedully cultivated. 



