DESCRIPTION OF GENERA AND SPECIES. 237 



shaped nest, within which the spider dwells. This trapline and nest are placed above the 

 horizontal centre of the orb, but indifferently to the right or left, or directly above the same. 



No. 89. Zilla x-notata (CI.ERCK). Plate XVIII, Figs. ], 2. 



1757. Araneus x-nolatun, CI.ERCK .... Svenska Spindl., p. 46, pi. 2, tab. 5. 



1757. Aranea x-notata, CLERCK .... Ibid., p. 154. 



1789. Aranea literata, OLLIVIER .... Encyclopedic Methodique, iv., p. 206. 



1802. Aranea calophylla, WALCKENAER . Faune Par., ii., p. 200. (In part.) 



1805. Epeira calophylla, WALCKENAER . Tabl. d. Aran., p. 62. (In part.) 



1832. Epeira calophylla, SUNDEVALI, . . Stenska Spindlarness. 



1834. Zy<fia calophylla, KOCH, C. L. . . Herr.-Schaeff., Deutschl. Ins., 123. 



1839. Zilla calophylla, KOCH, C. L. . . Die Arachn., vi., p. 148, Taf. ccxvi., 538, 539. 



1844. Epeira similig, BLACKWALL . . . Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., xiii., 186. 



1858. Zilla x-notata, THORELL Om Clercks Original Spindel-samling, p. 146. 



1861. Zilla x-notata, WESTHINO .... Aranese Svecicse, p. 71. 



1864. Epeira similis, BLACKWALL. . . . Sp. G. B. & I., ii., 337, xxv., 244. 



1884. Zilla x-notata, EMERTON N. E. Ep., p. 324, pis. 34, 37, 40. 



1889. Zilla x-notata, McCooK Amer. Spiders and their Spinningwork. 



1889. Zilla x-notata, MARX Catalogue Described Aranese. 



FEMALE: Total length, 8 mm.; abdomen, 6 mm. long by 5 mm. wide; cephalothorax, 

 4 mm. long by 2.5 mm. wide. 



CEPHALOTHORAX: A shortened oval; the fosse a longitudinal depression; corselet 

 grooves sufficiently distinct ; cephalic suture distinct ; caput slightly depressed ; color pale 

 yellow, with a brownish patch on the summit; glossy, slightly pubescent. The sternum 

 longer than broad, rounded at the apes'; shield shaped ; a wide, rounded, yellow band in 

 the middle; sternal cones distinct. Labium subtriangular ; yellow, as are also the maxillae, 

 which are subtriangular at the tip. 



EYES : Ocular quad slightly wider behind ; a little longer at the sides ; MF separated 

 by a little more than one diameter; MR, which are smaller, by about 1.5 diameter. Side 

 eyes barely contingent; SR somewhat the larger, but not greatly differing in size; removed 

 from MF by a space about equal to that between MF. Front row recurved, rear row longer 

 and procurved; clypeus height about one diameter MF. 



LEGS: 1, 2, 4, 3; rather stout; sparsely armored with spines; color pale yellow, with 

 slight annuli at the joints, and median indistinct annuli on the femora beneath. 



ABDOMEN : Oval ; of nearly equal width throughout ; the dorsum scarcely, or but little, 

 arched ; color yellow ; the folium outlined with black, the edges being scalloped ; skin with 

 a subdued sheen. The epigynum is without manifest scapus, and consists of a hood shaped 

 atriolum, penetrated by portulse on either side; color dark brown. 



MALE: Fig. 2a. Length, 6.5 mm. Resembles the female in markings. The legs are 

 not so stout, relatively ; tibia-II without any special clasping apparatus ; not thickened at 

 the apex. Color yellowish, with brown annuli at the tips of the joints, and median annuli 

 on the femora underneath. The palps (Fig. 2a) are yellow, without annuli ; the palpal digit 

 rather pointed, and the joints comparatively short. The male Z. x-notata is easily distin- 

 guished from the male Z. atrica by the brevity of the palps, and by the absence of the 

 row of ten long vertical hairs on the external side of the front metatarsi. Neither the 

 palps nor the feet are so distinctly tinged with rufous-brown color; the hairs on radial 

 joints of palps are less thick, and are not of equal length ; some are bent downward. In 

 Z. atrica all the hairs are vertical and equally long, and the joint itself is very long (8a), 

 four times longer than wide. 



DISTRIBUTION : New England, New York, California. The species has not l>een reported 

 in the interior States, and may have been introduced to the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts by 

 commercial intercommunication or by emigration. It is widely distributed throughout the 

 continent of Europe, where I have collected it as far north as the Highlands of Scotland. 

 It is one of the oldest and best known of the Orbweaving species. 



