JLS3> SXKETCTfTRK* 



the translucent epcderm, rather than by pubescence.. Tltese irfflfary 



very bright, ^hadm of yellow and red previJnBg, and bright w*lh> white 



or silver being frequent 



The tough integument which covers the abdomen mm i > of three 

 kyers; the external one is a thin, transparent, horny membrane, nearly 

 coforiesBy but more or fess densely cweceu. wwk colored hairs. .BHMatti 

 this lies the soft layer of pigmentary matter upom wMdh the peculiar calar 

 of the body largely depends The third or inner layer ioaniii r i of an 

 expanded network of muscular fibres> which are irregularly iatetfatftd,. and 

 which must enable the spider forcibly to compress Aft rtiiiiMHua The 

 muatha forming this layer are very faintly aU> marked with train 



- - 



On the ventral side or venter near the base (anterior part) are situated 

 two gillsy breathing holes* or pulmonary sacs bg) . 

 . , 



;_; : :< _ :' a-. : .::cs ::- 



with the trachew or 



air tubes. Externally they present 



the appearance of simple transrer- in 



the venter. Each cavity contains about fif t 



_ 



:-.. : :. - -'. - '. _ : :: ' -.::; ", 

 - 



pooch with an opening on the lover side 



communicating with the outer air. The spi- 



laedbur plates are usually conspicuous oi 



upon the venter, differing in color therefrom* 



sometimes slightly pubescent, but mote rtun 



monlr smooth, and of harder substance than 



the surrounding surface. (Cambridge.) In the male spider 



which leads to the seminal organs is located between the spiracular plates. 

 In the same situation in the female is an aperture- usually rather 

 couspieoMm} whioli ia MRMMagAad HcntouaM witi i MMMMMB 



" V. II'. 



process of greater or less development. This aperture is the vulva. 

 The process is known as the ep^ynum, and parobably has the function of 

 an ovipc- I'he form and structure of the epigynum are character - 



highly \-aluetl by systematic araehuologists in the detertuiuatioti o 1 - 

 But the organ is not present in immature spiders, and until the female 

 reaches maturity no apertur* - ~ reproduction in the 



female consist of two long ovoid plates, longitudinally placed within the 

 ventral surface of the abdomen. These unite and form a short broad 

 oviduct, who- ual opening between the spiracular orifice is ti 



nmn it 



The ovaries, which shortly before the deposition of c^s ovvupy a large 



