THE PECTOBALIS GROUP. 233 



nective tissue, and in some cases the ectal layers have been slightly 

 displaced. On the left the divisions of the ectopectoralis and pecto- 

 antebracMalis have been reflected, cut short or wholly removed ; 

 on this account the cephalic part of the mesal or interpectoral 

 raphe is drawn dextrad out of line with the caudal part, giving 

 a somewhat distorted appearance to the entire figure. The raphe 

 itself is too sharply defined. 



This figure fairly illustrates the crossing of the pectoral elements which is commented 

 upon in 641. 



The figure represents the condition of things in the preparation from which it was 

 taken ; but in some respects, especially as to the marked subdivision of the caudal divi- 

 sion of the entopectoralis and the non-attachment of the xiphi-humeralis to the xiphister- 

 num, it hardly indicates the usual arrangement. 



Bones, etc. Cartttago The first costicartilage (Fig. 30, 49). The costal end of this 

 just appears on the left side. 



Clacicula (% 422). The position of the left clavicle is nearly inverted with respect to 

 its normal position, on Account of the reflection of the clavicular end of the davo-deltoideus. 

 From its mesal and lateral ends are strips of fascia or thin ligaments passing respectively 

 to the praesternum and to the muscles upon the scapula. On the right side the sternal end 

 of the clavicle appears near the cephalic end of the mesal raphe. 



Costa (Fig. 30). Part of the first rib appears on the left side. 



Epigastrium ( 228). The name is written across this region, just caudad of the xiphi- 

 sternum ; the space was vacated by the removal of the MM. rectus, ectobliquus and other 

 constituents of the abdominal parietes. 



Trochin (Fig. 30,46, 420). This, the "lesser" humeral tuberosity, appears on the 

 left between the humeral ends of the caudal and cephalic divisions of the entopectoralis. 



Xiphisternum (Fig. 49, 426). In some cases the xiphi-humeralis is attached to nearly 

 the whole length of the narrower portion of this last sternal segment. 



Muscles. The following are not particularly described in this work ; sterno-hyoideus, 

 sterno-thyroideus, ectoUiquus and rectus. The thoracic continuation of the last is shown in 

 Fig. 73. 



Biceps ( 691). The distal part of this appears on both sides. On the left side its ten- 

 don (tendo bicipitis) may be seen j ust ventrad of the trochin. 



Clato deltoideus ( 651). The right is but slightly displaced ; the left has been tran- 

 sected and reflected. 



Clavo-mastoidem ( 625) and clavo-trapezius ( 615). The edges of the clavicular ends 

 of these muscles are seen on the right side of the neck. 



Dermo-humeralis ( 629). On the left side a fragment of this is seen connected with 

 the latissimus. 



Ectopectoralis, Im. ectalis ( 649). On the right this is partly hidden by the cephalic 

 division of the pecto-antebrachialis and the clavo-deltoideus. On the left it has been tran- 

 sected very near the meson, and the humeral portion is reflected. 



Ectopectoralis, Im. entalis, dv. caudalis ( 653). Only part of this appears on the right. 

 The humeral portion of the left has been reflected, and part of it removed so as to leave it 

 shorter than the dv. cephalica. 



Ectopectoralis, Im. entalis, dv. cephalica ( 651). On the right it is entirely hidden by 

 the ectal lamina ; the left has been treated like the caudal division, excepting that the 

 reflected humeral end is left longer. 



