THE HIND-LIMB. 



49 



Horizontal section 

 through the iliac, 

 pubic, and ischiatic 

 bones. 



a Acetabnlum. 



it Ilium. 



if Ischinm. 



p Pubic cartilage. 



* Ijgaments which 

 unite the bones of 

 opposite sides. 



(A/) corresponding 1 with the united tubera iscJrii ; 

 the hinder border, which is united below with the 

 pubic cartilage, is curved. 



3. The pubes, os puli* (Figs. 41, 42, 43^). 

 Ossified pubie bones do not exist ; even in old 

 animals they are composed of calcified cartilage. 

 Each is a triangular cartilage, wedged between 

 the ilium and ischium, but also taking part 

 in the formation of the acetabulum. The pubes 

 of opposite sides are, as shown in section in 

 Fig. 43, united by ligaments in the median 

 plane. 



B. BOXES OF THE HIXD-LIMB. 

 1. The thigh. 



The femur, o$ femoris (Fig. 44). The shaft is cylindrical, 

 with a slight double or S-shaped curve. In the Fig. 44. 



anterior portion the convexity is directed upwards, 

 in the two hinder thirds downwards^ Towards 

 the hinder extremity it is flattened from above 

 downwards. The anterior extremity is a rounded 

 articular head placed directly on the shaft like 

 that of the //"///<"///*. This head is somewhat flat- 

 tened from side to side ; and in structure resembles 

 that of the humerus. The inferior extremity is 

 rounded below, but flattened above (towards the 

 hollow of the knee) and behind. 



Hip-joint. The articular cavity is deepened by 

 a fibrous ring, labnim caiiilaginevm, which fits 

 closely upon the c-apvt femoris; from this lalrum the 

 joint-capsule arises, to be inserted behind the head ; 

 close to the lower border of the cavity a liga- 

 iii i' ni urn feres arises, which is inserted into t\\eca/j?>f 

 femoris. 



2. The leg. 



Tibio - fibula, os crtiris (Fig. 45). This 

 consists of a single bone, the o* cntris it is 

 often called the tibia, but presents, however, dis- 



Femur of Rana etcu 



tinct indications of being formed of two bones, '"<<. right side.twic 

 the tilia and fibula. The shaft is not quite 



a Anterior extremity. 



straight ; it is thinner in the middle and flattened P Posterior extremity 



E 



