172 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



[De Watteville states that the Ramus palatinus and the palatine 

 branch of the ophthalmic nerve ( are separated by the carotid artery. 

 In urodeles the two nerves are distinct.] 



b. The Ramus kyomandibularis (Ramus jugularis, Hoffmann ; 

 Facial Nerve, Wyman), (Figs. 113 and 114, Ve VII}. The nerve 

 is directed outwards and backwards so as to pass around the 

 bony wall of the auditory capsule, it then crosses over the inner end 

 of the columella, with which it is in close contact, and is then 

 joined, under cover of the sterno-cle^do-masto^de^ls (.<?<?), by a branch 

 (Ramus communicant] of the glossopharyngeal (see Fig 1 . 1 1 1 *). The 

 single trunk (F) so formed is directed downwards in the posterior 

 wall of the Eustachian tube to just above the angle of the mandible, 

 where it divides into three branches, or sometimes into two, in 

 which case a third nerve is supplied by one of the others, usually 

 by the Ramus hyoideus. 



(1) The Ramus mandibular is (Ramus mentalis, Hoffmann; Third 

 Trunk of the Facial, Wyman), (Figs. 114?^ and 115 m') passes inside 

 the angle of the jaw and courses forwards, between the skin and 

 mylo-hyoid muscle, parallel to the Ramus mandibularis of the 

 trigeminal nerve, as far as the symphysis. It supplies small twigs 

 to the neighbouring parts of the mucous membrane of the mouth. 



(2) The Ramus hyoideus (Ramus jugularis, Hoffmann ; Second 

 Trunk of the Facial, Wyman), (Figs. 1 14, 1 15 Ji) is the largest division 

 of the facial ; it courses forwards subcutaneously over the deltoideus 

 and the hinder fibres of the mylo-hyoideus to the anterior cornu 

 of the hyoid bone, supplying its muscles and the skin of the throat 

 and sternal region. 



(3) The Ramus auricularis (First Trunk of the Facial, Wyman) ; 

 is a small branch, directed outwards ; it supplies a branch to the 

 walls of the tympanic cavity, and is finally distributed in the 

 skin under the tympanic membrane and behind the angle of the 

 mouth. 



8. The auditory nerve (N. acusticus, Ecker, Hoffmann ; Audi- 

 tory Nerve, Wyman). This nerve has a very short course in the 

 cranium ; it reaches the auditory organ by a foramen (Fig. n 6 

 VIII) in the auditory capsule, and is then distributed in the ear, 

 with which it will be described. 



9. The glossopharyngeal nerve (N. glossopkaryngeus, Ecker; 

 R.anwx glosso-pliaryngens, Hoffmann ; Glossopharyngeal, Wyman ; 



