314 



THE LARYNX, LUX(iS, VOCAL SACS, ETC. 



(3) [The pre-arytenoid cartilages (Fig 1 . 206 I, P] are two small 

 elongated cartilages placed in the semicircular notch between the 

 superior and inferior borders of the arytenoid cartilages. They are 

 subject to much variation in size, sometimes being- merely a very 

 slender rod, at others a moderately thick oval mass. In female 

 specimens they appear to be, at times, absent, or to unite with the 

 arytenoid cartilages, as in these cases a third very small apex 

 is found on each arytenoid cartilage ; but it is always much smaller 

 than the two neighbouring apices.] 



b. The attachments of the cartilages to each other. 



The cartilages do not articulate directly with each other, but are 

 connected by connective-tissue only ; there are, therefore, no syno- 

 vial sacs. 



Fig. 205. 



A.I 



J.t. 



H 



C.a.l. 



D.I. 



The muscles of the larynx. 



A.I. Aperture between the arytenoid cartilages. //// 



('./. Cricoid carti'age. Jt 



C.a. 1 Superior angle of the arytenoid cartilage. 



C.a.l. M. constrictor aditus laryngis. Ph? 



C.o.l. M. hyo-arytenoideus anterior. Pli' A 



C.O.I.' 1 M. hyo-arytenoideus posterior. Fh* 



D.I. M. dilatator laryngis. 



G Connective-tissue. 



Gfl Connective-tissue. Sp 



II Smaller posterior cornua of the hy< >id. ZK 



Greater cornua of the hyoid. 



Fibrous tissue into which the two con- 

 strictions are inserted. 



Second petrohyoid muscle (M. petrohyoid.I). 



Third petrohyoid muscle (M. petrohyoid. II). 



Fourth petrohyoid muscle (M. petrohyoid. 

 III). 

 Tendon of the fourth petrohyoid muscle. 



Spinous process of the cricoid cartilage. 



Body of the hyoid. 



c. The muscles of the larynx l . 



The muscles of the larynx appear in the following order, when 

 dissected from the mouth : 



The nomenclature adopted is that of Henle and Hoffmann. 



