MILK SURVEY OF THE CITY OF ROCHESTER 77 



that is, this much out of a thousand, or 11 out of two thousand died. Of 

 the mixed fed babies, 24.2 per thousand died. Of the babies that were 

 bottle fed, 30.7 per thousand died. Your mortality problem limits itself 

 to the infant that is artificially fed. The ratio do you want this put in 

 record ? 



Q. Yes, sir? 



A. The ratio of deaths of these three groups of feeding are as 

 follows: For every breast fed baby, four mixed fed babies die; for 

 every breast fed baby, I mean, every breast fed baby that dies, four mixed 

 fed babies die ; for every breast fed baby that dies, five bottle fed babies 

 die. You have ten babies who die ; one of them is breast fed ; four are 

 breast and bottle fed, and five are bottle fed. If any community will 

 realize and understand that fact, that in itself will do a whole lot to pre- 

 vent this unnecessary loss of infant life. 



Q. Do these stations sell milk for the mothers themselves to drink ? 



A. They do. I am under the impression that a very great per 

 centage of the milk supply that goes through the stations in New York 

 City goes to the mother rather than the baby. 



Q. Do you consider that the establishment of those infant milk sta- 

 tions in New York City is a success? 



A. I do. 



Q. And do you think that every city should have such stations? 



A. The problem is a problem of ignorance. Infant mortality per 

 se is not a milk station problem. Milk stations will prevent unnecessary 

 loss of infant life more quickly than any other agent that can be used. 

 As I said before, you have got to have that milk as a bait to get the op- 

 portunity to educate the mother in the care of her infant and herself. 



Q. Supposing you consider the milk as a commodity offered for 

 sale to the mothers of infants in the congested districts, would you say 

 that the City of New York is justified in paying the cost to maintain 

 these stations so that this milk can be sold at the lowest price to the in- 

 fants and mothers ? 



A. I would, yes. 



Q. You think the city is justified in paying that charge ? 



A. I think it is a mighty good investment for a city. 



Q. Now, can you show us something about the mortality under one 

 month ? 



A. The actual condition is this: This chart shows what happens 

 to one thousand expectant mothers in New York City. Assuming that 

 you have a thousand mothers that are pregnant and you have control of 

 them until one year after the birth of their babies, this is your result: 

 Out of that thousand, 4.7 mothers die from causes due to pregnancy and 



