MILK SURVEY OF THE CITY OF ROCHESTER 191 



twenty other large papers in America. He also occupies the position 

 of Professor of Hygiene and Sanitary Science in Northwestern Univer- 

 sity Medical School. He was Health Commissioner of the City of 

 Chicago from 1907 to 1911 inclusive, President of the American Public 

 Health Association, 1917, is a member of the Executive Committee of the 

 Chicago Welfare Society which operates infant milk depots in Chicago, 

 and a member of the Medical Advisory Commission of the Council on 

 National Defence. He is one of the most prominent writers and lecturers 

 on public health in this country. 



DR. EVANS appeared as a witness at a public hearing held in the 

 City Hall, Rochester, October 7th, 1919. His testimony in part was as 

 follows : 



Q. During your period of official connection with the Department 

 of Health in Chicago as Health Commissioner, was the subject of the 

 control over the milk supplies of the City of Chicago a subject which 

 came up for consideration? 



A. It was. 



Q. Will you state in your own way what consideration was given 

 to the subject at that time, and what you did? 



A. The question of the mortality rate amongst infants was quite 

 unsatisfactory, and it was one of the first things to which I gave attention 

 when I assumed the duties of the office in 1907. I came to the conclusion 

 that the milk supply was the most important factor in the situation and 

 I conducted an investigation of the milk supply of Chicago and of other 

 cities throughout the country with a view of determining upon a policy 

 for the control of the milk supply. As the result of about a year's study, 

 we came to the conclusion that the milk supply should be controlled by 

 tuberculin testing and pasteurization, and so in July, 1908, we passed the 

 Chicago ordinances requiring pasteurization, which ordinances have 

 served as the basis for most of the milk ordinances passed by municipali- 

 ties since that time. 



Q. So far as you know, that was the first time that any American 

 city passed such an ordinance ? 



A. I have always understood so, and I believe it to be a fact, that 

 the ordinance passed in Chicago in 1908 was the first ordinance certainly 

 of any large city, or city of importance, requiring pasteurization, making 

 pasteurization compulsory. 



Q. What were the reasons why you yourself favored the passage of 

 such an ordinance in Chicago? 



A. In the first place, it seemed to me that there was no other way 

 to prevent the spread of milk-borne contagion, brought into the city where 

 there was considerable distance between the point of production of milk 



