194 MILK SURVEY OF THE CITY OF ROCHESTER 



with this germ or whether they have udders which are discharging the 

 bacteria which might cause this disease? 



A. I would say so. I would amplify that to this extent, as I have 

 just said, a great deal has been written on the subject, many studies have 

 been made; there is no unanimity of opinion on it. The only safeguard 

 from the consumer's standpoint is to assume that there is no clinical 

 method of telling whether the milk that comes from a particular cow 

 contains streptococci or not, as the cow passes it, as it is milked. A health 

 officer in my judgment in the present state of the case, is bound to pro- 

 ceed upon the theory that there is no practical method of telling which 

 milk contains streptococci, and which does not. 



Q. Do you know whether such soreness or disease in cows' udders 

 is fairly common? 



A. It is. 



Q. Do you look upon it as a constant menace to a community, the 

 presence of streptococci in milk? 



A. Yes, I do. 



Q. Do you think that the marketing of raw milk in a community 

 carries with it that constant threat? 



A. I do. From the infection of cows do you say ; one of the threats 

 that I had in mind in advocating the ordinance of 1908, and in standing 

 for similar procedure for all cities since 1908. 



Q. You have been advocating pasteurization for all other cities 

 since 1908? 



A. I have. 



Q. Have there been many scarlet fever epidemics traced to milk? 



A. A very sad number. My interest in the subject immediately 

 arose from a very extensive, most extensive epidemic of milk-borne scar- 

 let fever occurring in Chicago or beginning in Chicago, in about 

 February, 1907, and extending until about May, in which there were 

 many thousand cases of disease and in which the disease was very 

 definitely traced to milk. 



Q. Do you consider the observation or the safeguards which can 

 be cast around the employees connected with dairy farms and milk dis- 

 tribution by any medical inspection, or inspection by milk inspectors, is 

 sufficient to prevent human infection from getting into milk ? 



A. I don't, for the reason that most of the infection, certainly of 

 the milk supply, is done by people who are not clinically sick. That is 

 the people who infect the milk in the main are people who are carriers', 

 are not people who are clinically sick of the disease that they are trans- 

 mitting to the milk. I remember particularly one family in the southwest 

 part of Chicago, the B. family, who were responsible for several epi- 

 demics in my administration, and in a succeeding administration. In no 



