216 MILK SURVEY OF THE CITY OF ROCHESTER 



of milk was first for the purpose of making bad milk keep so the milk- 

 man could sell it. 



Q. The pasteurization of milk consists in heating to 145 Fahrenheit 

 and keeping it there. 



A. I never attempted to develop it; but it is a sort of process 

 anything to heat the milk up to a temperature so the thing would keep 

 in the beginning. 



Q. But there is a standard temperature for pasteurization? 



A. There is a standard temperature for pasteurization. 



Q. 145 or 150 degrees which you have quoted? 



A. And that process of pasteurization carried out as a supple- 

 mentary measure is of value. The sanitary safeguards thrown around 

 milk is a highly desirable procedure. 



Q. Now, there are certain organisms that will not kill? 



A. Yes, sir. 



Q. But the organisms which develop infectious diseases like typhoid 

 and septic sore throat and scarlet fever, it will kill if it is raised to that 

 heat? 



A. We don't know anything about scarlet fever, so we don't know 

 whether it will kill scarlet fever or not. It does affect typhoid, of course. 



Q. Now, you take the position, I understand, Doctor, that pasteur- 

 ization is objectionable because dealers are likely to use it to cover up 

 unsanitary milk and unsanitary conditions, to make dairy milk salable 

 and more or less harmless ? 



A. Yes, sir. I won't subscribe to the latter part of that statement. 

 If you mean the established method, a correct scientific method of pas- 

 teurization, then I will subscribe to the latter part of your statement. 



Q. Then there is no objection to carrying out strict sanitary meas- 

 ures, and also pasteurizing milk? 



A. Given strict sanitary measures and scientific pasteurization, of 

 course. 



Q. What are proper sanitary conditions? 



A. I want as little cow manure and every other city as we can 

 possibly find in it. As I said this morning, we ought not to have more 

 than three-quarters of a ton of cow manure in our milk a year. 



Q. What are the effects of cow manure in the human system ? 



A. I don't think it has been determined. 



Q. It is a disgusting thought, isn't it? 



A. Doubtless makes children sick. The poorer the care, the dirtier 

 the milk. Clean milk and good care are rather companionable. Dirty 

 milk and bad care how much is due to dirty milk and bad care, and 

 how much to clean milk and good care, nobody knows. 



