THE MILK SITUATION IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 171 



Destroys the beneficial germs. (Health officer Syracuse, N. Y.) 



Destruction. (Health officer Topeka, Kans.) 



Pasteurization kills most of the germs. The temperature given above (150 F. 

 to 155, 20 minutes) destroys all disease germs that are found in milk. (Straus 

 Laboratory, Washington, D. C.) 



It destroys the beneficial and does not kill the prejudicial. (Sharon Dairy, 

 District of Columbia.) 



Pasteurization as a rule kills off a certain form of pathogenic bacteria first. 

 Then it attacks the lactic or so-called beneficial bacteria, and lastly the putre- 

 factive organisms. This is particularly so when such putrefactive organisms 

 are embedded or inclosed in excrement or some form of foreign matter where the 

 heat does not readily penetrate and where to a great extent they are protected. 

 (Borden's Condensed Milk Co., New York, N. Y.) 



Pasteurization does not destroy spores, but does destroy practically all of the 

 lactic ferments which are credited by many authorities with holding in check 

 many of the prejudicial germs, including those of decomposition. (Walker- 

 Gordon Laboratory, Washington, D. C.) 



Kills all alike. (Dr. V. C. Vaughan, Ann Arbor, Mich.) 



Real pasteurization affects all in about the same degree. Commercial pas- 

 teurization is noninjurious to certain harmful types. (Dr. S. C. Prescott, 

 Boston, Mass.) 



Destroys pathogenic germs and majority of others. (Health officer Los 

 Angeles, Gal. ) 



If the milk is bad to begin with, poor pasteurization may kill the beneficial 

 germs, and as these keep the prejudicial germs from growing the prejudicial 

 germs grow unrestricted, and the milk is worse than raw milk. ( J. M. Houston, 

 White Cross Milk Co., Washington, D. C.) 



Deleterious. (Health officer San Francisco, Cal.) 



It destroys the beneficial and some of the prejudicial* (Health officer St. 

 Joseph, Mo. ) 



These are very important questions and can hardly be answered in the space 

 you allow. (Health officer Wheeling, W. Va.) 



We do not admit that milk contains beneficial germs. Pasteurization, if prop- 

 erly carried out, will destroy all so-called pathogenic organisms. (Dr. Samuel 

 McC. Hamill, Philadelphia, Pa.) 



It destroys typhoid fever bacteria ; also destroys the virulence of tubercle 

 bacillus. (Health officer Scranton, Pa.) 



QUESTION 5. Does pasteurization tend to preserve milkt 

 ANSWERS. 



Yes. (Chief Bureau of Animal Industry.) 



It will for a limited period. (Surgeon General IT. S. Army.) 



Only to the extent that it renders the milk temporarily sterile. (Surgeon 

 General U. S. Navy.) 



Pasteurization is not intended to preserve milk, but to destroy pathogenic 

 bacteria contained in it. (Surgeon General Public Health and Marine-Hospital 

 Service. ) 



It does. (Dr. William H. Park, New York, N. Y.) 



Pasteurization does not preserve milk without efficient and constant refrigera- 

 tion. (Dr. Henry L. Coit, Newark, N. J.) 



Yes; especially if done in the container in which it is kept. (Dr. R. G. Free- 

 man, New York, N. Y.) 



Yes ; but the milk requires just as careful handling as before pasteurization. 

 (Dr. M. P. Ravenel, Madison, Wis.) 



It does. (Dr. C. E. A. Winslow, New York, N Y.) 



Yes. (Health officer Ann Arbor, Mich.) 



To a slight extent. (Health officer Baltimore, Md.) 



Yes; for a given length of time. (Health officer Birmingham, Ala.) 



Yes. (Health officer Bismarck, N. Dak.) 



Yes. (Health officer Cleveland, Ohio.) 



Yes. (Health officer Columbus, Ohio.) 



Yes. (Health officer Detroit, Mich.) 



Till reirifected. After that it deteriorates worse than raw milk. (State 

 board of health, Florida.) v 



Yes; if properly done. (Health officer Jacksonville, Fla.) 



