THE MILK SITUATION IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 187 



thorough mixing) examined independently and immediately by two or more 

 competent bacteriologists using standard methods. (Health officer Richmond, 

 Va.) 



Not in practice. (Health officer Rochester, N. Y.) 



Under our law he gets a sealed sample the same as we and our slides are 

 always at the disposal of competent conscientious bacteriologists. (Health 

 officer Seattle, Wash.) 



No. (Health officer, Topeka, Kans.) 



If he had counts made elsewhere the same day, yes; otherwise, no. (Straus 

 Laboratory, Washington, D. C. ) 



No. (Sharon Dairy, District of Columbia.) 



Duplicates of samples taken for bacterial count should be given the producer 

 or dealer, and dealers should be in a position to verify counts.. The larger 

 producers could be put in a position to do so, but in the case of the small pro- 

 ducer it would be exceedingly hard to impress upon him the need of sterility as 

 to his apparatus, even though he be furnished with necessary utensils and 

 media. (Borden's Condensed Milk Co., New York, N. Y.) 



Practically no. (Walker-Gordon Laboratory, Washington, D. C.) 



Yes. (Dr. V. C. Vaughan, Ann Arbor, Mich.) 



Not absolutely, unless duplicate samples are taken and treated in uniform 

 way with official samples. Dealer or producer may have his own bacteriologist. 

 (Dr. S. C. Prescott, Boston, Mass.) 



Yes; if he takes simultaneously samples and uses same technique. (Health 

 officer Los Angeles, Cal.) 



It depends on whether the dealer has his laboratory or not; the producer can 

 not verify the count, nor the dealer, unless he sees it. (J. M. Houston, White 

 Cross Milk Co., Washington, D. C.) 



No. (Health officer San Francisco, Cal.) 



It would be possible for him to have a test made from a sample taken under 

 the same conditions as those of the inspector, if he were instructed as to what 

 those conditions should be. (Health officer St. Joseph, Mo.) 



Yes; we inform each dairyman as we collect the sample, so he may have a 

 count made if he desires. (Health officer Wheeling, W. Va.) 



No; unless his counts are made from the same can or the same jar, and of 

 the same date, and by the same methods. (Dr. Samuel McC. Hamill, Phila- 

 delphia, Pa.) 



I do not see how it is practical unless the producer maintains his own labora- 

 tory. (Health officer Scranton, Pa.) 



QUESTION 6. What does a high bacterial count indicatet 



ANSWERS. 



A high bacterial content indicates unclean conditions on the farm, or lack of 

 care and cleanliness in handling the milk in transit, or both. (Chief Bureau 

 of Animal Industry.) 



Old milk or dirty milk, or milk that has not been properly cooled and kept 

 at a low temperature. (Surgeon General U. S. Army.) 



Milk improperly kept. (Surgeon General U. S. Navy.) 



A high bacterial count indicates dirty dairy methods, lack of proper cooling 

 of milk, or that it is too old. ( Surgeon General Public Health and Marine-Hos- 

 pital Service.) 



At the farm, dirt or old milk contamination. In the city usually that the 

 milk has been warm for many hours before using, and often original dirt or 

 old milk in the can or on 'the strainers, etc. (Dr. William H. Park, New York, 

 N. Y.) 



Filthy dairy surroundings, careless collections and handling, or a diseased 

 udder. (Dr. Henry L. Coit, Newark, N. J.) 



Dirty cows or dirty employees or utensils or methods, or neglect to cool effi- 

 ciently or promptly or to deliver properly. (Dr. R. G. Freeman, New York, 

 N. Y.) 



Dirty cows, stables, or handling; lack of refrigeration often. (Dr. M. P. 

 Raven el, Madison, Wis.) 



Dirt, age, high temperature, one or all. (Dr. C. E. A. Winslow, New York, 

 N. Y.) 



Dirt of some kind, or uncleanliness in containers. (Health officer Ann Arbor, 

 Mich.) 



