THE MILK SITUATION IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 225 



Destroys the flavor and renders the milk less palatable. (Sharon Dairy, 

 District of Columbia.) 



Freezing has really no effect whatever itself on the quality of the milk, pro- 

 viding that the milk in being restored to its normal condition is carefully mixed. 

 Milk, however, does not keep indefinitely in a frozen condition, as certain forms 

 of bacteria multiply even in that condition, while the lactic bacteria are entirely 

 dormant. Bacteria, moreover, are not destroyed by freezing, even when this 

 frozen condition extends over a period of time. (Borden's Condensed Milk Co., 

 New York, N. Y.) 



I am informed that freezing for a short space of time has little, if any, effect 

 on the qualities of milk. (Walker-Gordon Laboratory, Washington, D. C.) 



Not good. (Dr. V. C. Vaughan, Ann Arbor, Mich.) 



I have never studied it. Frozen milks are sold in Europe and used with 

 apparent impunity. (Dr. S. C. Prescptt, Boston, Mass.) 



No effect. (J. M. Houston, White Cross Milk Co., Washington, D. C.) 



Very little; practically only prevents temporary growth of bacteria. (Health 

 officer San Francisco, Cal.) 



It interferes, when the milk is once shaken up, in its reseparation from the 

 cream. We have no knowledge of the effect upon its nutritive value. (Dr. 

 Samuel McC. Hamill, Philadelphia, Pa.) 



None. (Health officer Scranton, Pa.) 



QUESTION 24. Have attempts 'been made, so far as you know, to secure legisla- 

 tion from Congress governing the production, transportation, or distribution 

 of milk or milk products throughout the United States under authority for 

 regulating commerce between the several States f 



ANSWERS. 



Some of those points are covered by the food and drugs act. A bill on this 

 subject was introduced at the last session of Congress by Representative A. F. 

 Lever, of South Carolina. [Appendix U.] (Chief Bureau of Animal Industry.) 



I am not informed on this subject. (Surgeon General -U. S. Army.) 



Do not know of any. (Surgeon General TJ. S. Navy.) 



I know of none. (Surgeon General Public Health and Marine-Hospital 

 Service. ) 



I have no knowledge. (Dr. Henry L. Coit, Newark, N. J.) 



No. (Dr. R. G. Freeman, New York, N. Y.) 



The act of 1895, relating to the production of milk in and for the District of 

 Columbia, was made by Congress quite as much by virtue of its power to regu- 

 late interstate commerce as by virtue of its power to legislate for the District 

 of Columbia. The food and drugs act of 1898, enacted by Congress for the 

 District of Columbia, regulated the sale of milk and cream in the District of 

 Columbia, and having been enacted by Congress, would doubtless apply quite as 

 well to " original packages " as to any other form in which milk might be sold. 

 The Federal foods and drugs act of June 30, 1906, which is distinctly an inter- 

 state act, although it regulates local commerce within the District of Columbia, 

 applies to milk and cream. (Health officer District of Columbia.) 



I do not know. (Health officer Baltimore, Md.) 



Not to my knowledge. (Health officer Birmingham, Ala.) 



Do not know. (Health officer Bismarck, N. Dak.) 



Only such as are found in the pure food and drug laws. (Health officer 

 Cleveland, Ohio.) 



Do not know. (Health officer Columbus, Ohio.) 



No. (Health officer Detroit, Mich.) 



Have not heard of any such movement. (Health officer Jacksonville, Fla.) 



Unable to state. (Health officer Kansas City, Mo.) 



Not that I know. (Health officer Lynchburg, Va.) 



No. (Health officer Portland, Oreg.) 



National pure food law does this, now in force; but as far as Rhode Island 

 consumers are protected by it, not enforced. (Health officer Providence, R. I.) 



I believe such an attempt was made in Washington some years ago. but 

 unsuccessfully. It should by all means be put under control, as otherwise a 

 city like New York has great difficulty in controlling its milk supply. I have 

 had shippers from other States threaten us with the Interstate Commerce Com- 

 mission for not allowing their milk to^come into Richmond. I have told them 

 to go ahead and do their worst ; that we probably could not help their bringing 



82444 S. Doc. 863, 61-3 15 



