THE MILK SITUATION IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 251 



Canal are supplied with perfectly pasteurized milk that runs through one of 

 my machines at the Sheffield Farms- Slawson Decker Co., of New York City, 

 and this will give you evidence enough that such pasteurized milk naturally has 

 to keep, because without this it could not be shipped from New York to Panama 

 and arrive there in perfect condition. 



13. Pasteurized milk should be handled at least just as carefully as very 

 high-class raw milk. The average raw milk is handled by farmers, and their 

 hands are naturally dirty, and therefore raw milk is naturally dirty. 



Milk should not only be pasteurized, but it should also be subjected to very 

 thorough filtration, so that the dirt, which is chiefly cow manure, can be removed 

 from the milk beforehand. 



Pasteurization should .not mean treatment of dirt but treatment of reason- 

 ably good raw milk, which can be rendered safe by that process. It is impos- 

 sible for the next generation to change the farmers, and it will be impossible 

 to change them for generations to come; therefore pasteurization will be the 

 only process that will give us a safeguard against infections that are conceived 

 through raw milk. 



14. This is a question that has to be answered by the authorities. We build 

 our machines and do not want to criticize any other make. 



The process of perfect pasteurization is our patent, but every housewife can 

 heat the milk for the same length of time and at the same temperatures with- 

 out infringing on our process; therefore we can say that apart from the large 

 machinery that works automatically on the holding process, pasteurization is 

 public property. 



15. There is absolutely no monopoly controlled by the sale or a production 

 of pasteurizing machinery. All we know is that the different manufacturers 

 fight each other in the worst way for trade. 



16. In my own judgment the tuberculin test should be applied gradually to 

 the various herds. Pasteurization will have to be used anyway, because 

 scarlet fever, typhoid fever, etc., are much more important from a milk stand- 

 point than tuberculosis. Every farmer should pasteurize all the milk that he 

 feeds to his stock, so that he does not infect the young animals with tuber- 

 culosis. Under the present conditions it is absolutely impossible to have all the 

 herds tested, because there are not veterinarians enough to do the testing in 

 25 years. 



17. Pasteurized milk should be kept at temperatures of 50 F. Such a regula- 

 tion would be in the interest of the milk dealer as well as of the consumer, 

 because it will protect both. 



If you need any more detailed information about the subject, I will be very 

 glad to take this matter up with you. 

 Very truly, yours, 



DAIRY MACHINERY & CONSTRUCTION Co. 

 J. WILLMANN, President. 



APPENDIX D. 



CORRESPONDENCE WITH TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES CONCERNING 

 REFRIGERATOR-CAR SERVICE FOR TRANSPORTATION OF MILK. 



NOVEMBER 5, 1910. 

 PRESIDENT OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILWAY Co., 



Philadelphia, Pa. 



DEAR SIR: The special committee appointed by the Washington Chamber of 

 Commerce to investigate the present milk situation in the District of Columbia 

 is desirous of obtaining, if practicable, information as to the feasibility of 

 supplying refrigerator cars for the transportation over your lines from pro- 

 ducers shipping to the Washington market, together with a statement of the 

 cost of refrigeration of each car per day or per trip, and the cost of shipment 

 per pound or per gallon of milk from varying distances to Washington. 



